Antineoplastic infusion therapy for cancer patients may last many months and even years. Repeated peripheral vein punctures and catheterizations for the administration of chemotherapy drugs and multiple blood sampling are accompanied by severe pain, venous wall damage due to exposure to cytostatics and lead to failures and complications up to complete obliteration of the venous bed. The limited resource of the subcutaneous peripheral venous network and the pronounced negative effect of antitumor cytotoxic drugs on the peripheral veins generate a need for the implantation of entral venous access systems (central catheters). The paper considers the main causes of difficulties during infusion therapy in cancer patients, by using traditional methods through the peripheral veins. It describes an algorithm for selecting a particular venous access device in oncology. The advantages and disadvantages of various long-term venous access devices are presented. The paper is intended for oncologists and chemotherapists who have to perform daily chemotherapy for patients with malignant diseases and often face difficulties arising from intravenous infusion of antitumor drugs.