In the structure of oncological morbidity, airway tumors occupy serious positions, and almost all patients develop symptoms associated with obstruction of the central airways. Over the years, the gold standard for treating any neoplasm of the larynx, trachea, and bronchus has been open surgical removal. Endoscopic methods, such as thermal ablation, cryotherapy, photodynamic and brachytherapy, mechanical cytoreduction, etc., make it possible to avoid open surgery in many patients with impaired pulmonary function and poor clinical status. Endoscopic treatment of patients with stenotic malignant tumors of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi is one of the new high-tech methods requiring provision of breathing in the conditions of the smoke generated during these types of exposure, followed by hypersecretion, alveolar edema and the development of respiratory acidosis. In endobronchial surgery, it is important not only to choose an adequate method for removing the tumor, but also to ensure the safety of the patient during the intervention. This is impossible without highly professional anesthetic and resuscitation care, which allows you to take the necessary measures to maintain airway patency, provide adequate ventilation, complete anesthesia and areflexion. A review of the literature presents an analysis of the current state of the problem of anesthetic management of endoscopic interventions and the choice of lung ventilation for stenotic airway tumors of different levels of localization.