Abstract Recently, a number of Russian laboratories which are interested in organizing their processes according the international quality and competence standard ISO 15189 [1] is continuously increasing. Even if the laboratory is not ready to implement all requirements of the standard, these recommendations provide a useful guideline to improve the quality of the patients results and a way to demonstrate that processes are under control and do not increase in the risk of a diagnostic error at the same time. Risk management of results issue phase is associated close with the implementation of the concept of «measurement uncertainty» (MU). This article briefly outlines the modern view on the practical role of MU in the obtained results interpretation, in the diagnosis, as well as in the quality management of a laboratory.