The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Kolerova A.V.

Novosibirsk State University

Deeva N.V.

Novosibirsk State University

Gileva M.S.

Novosibirsk State University

Karabanov I.S.

Novosibirsk State University

Popov V.V.

Novosibirsk State University

Tropynina A.Yu.

Novosibirsk State University

Shaidurova M.A.

Novosibirsk State University

Sergeeva I.G.

Novosibirsk State University

On vaccination against sexually transmitted infections

Authors:

Kolerova A.V., Deeva N.V., Gileva M.S., Karabanov I.S., Popov V.V., Tropynina A.Yu., Shaidurova M.A., Sergeeva I.G.

More about the authors

Read: 6592 times


To cite this article:

Kolerova AV, Deeva NV, Gileva MS, et al. On vaccination against sexually transmitted infections. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology. 2022;21(4):424‑434. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/klinderma202221041424

Recommended articles:
Retrospective analysis of sexually transmitted infe­ctions inci­dence in countries of the world. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Vene­reology. 2025;(2):132-142
Epidemiological and socio-behavioral risk factors asso­ciated with transmission of lymphogranuloma vene­reum. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Vene­reology. 2025;(6):742-748
Modern and promising therapies for postherpetic neuralgia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(4):27-34
Measles in the medi­cal community. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(9):140-145

References:

  1. Jenson AB, Ghim S-J, Sundberg JP. An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae (or Cow-pox. 1798). Exp Dermatol. 2016 Mar;25(3):178-180.  https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.12925
  2. Canouï E, Launay O. Histoire et principes de la vaccination (History and principles of vaccination). Rev Mal Respir. 2019;36(1):74-81.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmr.2018.02.015
  3. Shannon CL, Klausner JD. The growing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents: a neglected population. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2018 Feb;30(1):137-143.  https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000578
  4. Lithgow KW, Cameron CE. Vaccine Development for Syphilis, Expert Review of Vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Jan;16(1):37-44.  https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2016.1203262
  5. Parveen N, Fernandez MC, Haynes AM, Zhang RL, Godornes BC, Centurion-Lara A, Giacani L. Non-pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi expressing Treponema pallidum TprK and Tp0435 antigens as a novel approach to evaluate syphilis vaccine candidates. Vaccine. 2019;37(13):1807-1818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.022
  6. Cameron CE. Syphilis Vaccine Development: Requirements, Challenges, and Opportunities. Sex Transm Dis. 2018 Sep;45(9S Suppl 1):S17-S19.  https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000831
  7. Hanley A. Syphilization and Its Discontents: Experimental Inoculation against Syphilis at the London Lock Hospital. Bull Hist Med. 2017;91(1):1-32.  https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2017.0001
  8. Hutchinson J. Report on Two Series of Cases in which Syphilis was communicated in the Practice of Vaccination. Med Chir Trans. 1871;54:317-339.  https://doi.org/10.1177/095952877105400117
  9. Vaccination and Syphilis. Ind Med Gaz. 1871;6(7):143-144 (No authors listed).
  10. Hutchinson J. A Second Report on the Communication of Syphilis in the Practice of Vaccination; with two additional Cases. Med Chir Trans. 1873; 56:189-202. 
  11. Bernaldez F. Some Considerations on Vaccinal Syphilis. Am J Public Hygiene. 1910 Aug;20(3):531-534. 
  12. Tani T, Matsubara M, Hayashi T. Pfeiffer’s phenomenon of syphilis spirochetes and active immunization against syphilis. Jpn J Med Sci Biol. 1955 Jun;8(3):303-311.  https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken1952.8.303
  13. Carlson JA, Dabiri G, Cribier B, Sell S. The immunopathobiology of syphilis: the manifestations and course of syphilis are determined by the level of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Am J Dermatopathol. 2011;33(5):433-460.  https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181e8b587
  14. Miller JN. Immunity in experimental syphilis. VI. Successful vaccination of rabbits with Treponema pallidum, Nichols strain, attenuated by -irradiation. J Immunol. 1973 May;110(5):1206-1215.
  15. Luthra A, Montezuma-Rusca JM, La Vake CJ, LeDoyt M, Delgado KN, Davenport TC, Fiel-Gan M, Caimano MJ, Radolf JD, Hawley KL. Evidence that immunization with TP0751, a bipartite Treponema pallidum lipoprotein with an intrinsically disordered region and lipocalin fold, fails to protect in the rabbit model of experimental syphilis. PLoS Pathog. 2020; 16(9):e1008871. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008871
  16. Magnuson HJ, Thomas EW, Olansky S, Kaplan BI, De Mello L, Cutler JC. Inoculation syphilis in human volunteers. Medicine (Baltimore). 1956 Feb; 35(1):33-82.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00005792-195602000-00002
  17. Turner TB, Hollander DH. Biology of the treponematoses based on studies carried out at the International Treponematosis Laboratory Center of the Johns Hopkins University under the auspices of the World Health Organization. Monogr Ser World Health Organ. 1957;(35):3-266. 
  18. Cannefax GR. Immunity in syphilis. Br J Vener Dis. 1965;41(4):260-274.  https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.41.4.260
  19. Tani T, Inoue R, Asano O. Studies on the preventive inoculation against syphilis. Jpn J Med. 1951;4(2):71-86.  https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken1948.4.71
  20. Miller JN. Immunity in experimental syphilis. V. The immunogenicity of Treponema pallidum attenuated by gamma-irradiation. J Immunol. 1967; 99(5):1012-1016.
  21. Lithgow KV, et al. A defined syphilis vaccine candidate inhibits dissemination of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. Nat Commun. 2017;8: 14273. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14273
  22. Chan K, Nasereddin T, Alter L, Centurion-Lara A, Giacani L, Parveen N. Treponema pallidum Lipoprotein TP0435 Expressed in Borrelia Burgdorferi Produces Multiple Surface/Periplasmic Isoforms and mediates Adherence. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25593. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25593
  23. Kumar Jaiswal A, Tiwari S, Jamal SB, Barh D, Azevedo V, Soares SC. An In Silico Identification of Common Putative Vaccine Candidates against Treponema pallidum: A Reverse Vaccinology and Subtractive Genomics Based Approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 14;18(2):402.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020402
  24. Osias E, Hung P, Giacani L, Stafylis C, Konda KA, Vargas SK, Reyes-Díaz EM, Comulada WS, Haake DA, Haynes AM, Caceres CF, Klausner JD. Investigation of syphilis immunology and Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum biology to improve clinical management and design a broadly protective vaccine: study protocol. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):444.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05141-0
  25. Loxton A. The treatment of chronic gonorrhoea by antigonococcal vaccine. Br Med J. 1909;1(2513):531.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.2513.531
  26. Aronstam NE. The neisser or gonococcus vaccine in gonorrheal affections of the genitourinary tract. An experimental study. 1908;LI(17):1419-1420. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1908.25410170035001i
  27. Butler WJB, Long JP. Vaccine and serum treatment of gonorrhea in female children. JAMA. 1908;LI(16):1301-1304. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1908.25410160011001b
  28. McDonagh JE, Klein BG. Some Points concerning the Vaccine Treatment of Gonorrhoea and the Regulation thereof by the Complement-fixation Test. Proc R Soc Med. 1913;6(Pathol Sect):67-75. 
  29. Warden CC. Vaccine Treatment of Gonorrhea. JAMA. 1915;LXV(24):2080-2084. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1915.02580240036012
  30. Warden CC. The physicochemistry of the gonococcus in relation to immunity and therapeusis. JAMA. 1917;LXVIII(6):432-438.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1917.04270020112009
  31. Renshaw A. The vaccine treatment of gonorrhiea. Br J Vener Dis 1925; 1(2):94-103. 
  32. Price IN, King AJ. Treatment of acute gonorrhea by means of a new gonococcal vaccine of low toxicity. Br Med J. 1934 Apr 28;1(3825):748-752.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.3825.748
  33. Casper WA. The eradication of gonorrhea through immunization with specific antigens. International Journal of Dermatology 1974;13:29-31.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1974.tb01763.x
  34. Tramont EC. Gonococcal vaccines. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1989;2:S74-77.  https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.2.suppl.s74
  35. Blake MS, Wetzler LM. Vaccines for gonorrhea: where are we on the curve? Trends Microbiol. 1995;3(12):469-474.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(00)89012-5
  36. Song Q, Liao F, Ye S, Cui B, Xiong P. Construtcion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae porin B plasmid recombinant and its expression in E. coli. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2005;25(3):251-253.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02828133
  37. Liao F, Song Q, Wan M. Construction of prokaryotic expression plasmid of fusion protein including porin A and porin B of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its expression in E. coli. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2004; 24(5):417-420.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02831096
  38. Petousis-Harris H, Paynter J, Morgan J, Saxton P, McArdle B, Goodyear-Smith F, Black S. Effectiveness of a group B outer membrane vesicle meningococcal vaccine against gonorrhoea in New Zealand: a retrospective case-control study. Lancet. 2017.30;390(10102):1603-1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31449-6
  39. Azze RFO. A meningococcal B vaccine induces cross-protection against gonorrhea. Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2019;8(2):110-115.  https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2019.8.2.110
  40. Leduc I, Connolly KL, Begum A, Underwood K, Darnell S, Shafer WM, Balthazar JT, Macintyre AN, Sempowski GD, Duncan JA, Little MB, Rahman N, Garges EC, Jerse AE. The serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine 4CMenB induces cross-species protection against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(12):e1008602. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008602
  41. Rice PA, Shafer WM, Ram S, Jerse AE. Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Drug Resistance, Mouse Models, and Vaccine Development. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2017 Sep 8;71:665-686. PMID: 28886683. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090816-093530
  42. Rotman E, Seifert HS. The genetics of Neisseria species. Annu Rev Genet. 2014;48:405-431.  https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-120213-092007
  43. Sikora AE, Gomez C, Le Van A, Baarda BI, Darnell S, Martinez FG, Zielke RA, Bonventre JA, Jerse AE. A novel gonorrhea vaccine composed of MetQ lipoprotein formulated with CpG shortens experimental murine infection. Vaccine. 2020.3;38(51):8175-8184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.077
  44. Smith J, Garber GE. Current status and prospects for development of a vaccine against Trichomonas vaginalis infections. Vaccine. 2014.20;32(14):1588-1594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.07.050
  45. Bouchemal K, Bories C, Loiseau PM. Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017;30(3): 811-825.  https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00109-16
  46. Valenti P, Rosa L, Capobianco D, Lepanto MS, Schiavi E, Cutone A, Paesano R, Mastromarino P. Role of Lactobacilli and Lactoferrin in the Mucosal Cervicovaginal Defense. Front Immunol. 2018.1;9:376.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00376
  47. Alderete JF. Does lactobacillus vaccine for trichomoniasis, Solco Trichovac, induce antibody reactive with Trichomonas vaginalis? Genitourin Med. 1988 Apr;64(2):118-123.  https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.64.2.118
  48. McClelland RS, Sangare L, Hassan WM, Lavreys L, Mandaliya K, Kiarie J, Ndinya-Achola J, Jaoko W, Baeten JM. Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition. J Infect Dis. 2007.1;195(5):698-702.  https://doi.org/10.1086/511278
  49. Corbeil LB, Campero CM, Rhyan JC, BonDurant RH. Vaccines against sexually transmitted diseases. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2003.2;1:118.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-1-118
  50. Hernández HM, Figueredo M, Garrido N, Sánchez L, Sarracent J. Intranasal immunisation with a 62 kDa proteinase combined with cholera toxin or CpG adjuvant protects against Trichomonas vaginalis genital tract infections in mice. Int J Parasitol. 2005;35(13):1333-1337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.08.010
  51. Cudmore SL, Garber GE. Prevention or treatment: the benefits of Trichomonas vaginalis vaccine. J Infect Public Health. 2010;3(2):47-53.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2010.01.003
  52. Xie YT, Gao JM, Wu YP, Tang P, Hide G, Lai DH, Lun ZR. Recombinant α-actinin subunit antigens of Trichomonas vaginalis as potential vaccine candidates in protecting against trichomoniasis. Parasit Vectors. 2017.16;10(1):83.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2009-8
  53. Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang S, Hao L, Zhu Y, Li H, Song X, Duan Y, Sang Y, Wu P and Li X. The Molecular Characterization and Immunity Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis Adhesion Protein 33 (AP33). Front Microbiol. 2020; 11:1433. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01433
  54. Smith JD, Garber GE. Trichomonas vaginalis infection induces vaginal CD4+ T-cell infiltration in a mouse model: a vaccine strategy to reduce vaginal infection and HIV transmission. J Infect Dis. 2015.15;212(2):285-293.  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiv036
  55. Fernández-Romero JA, Deal C, Herold BC, Schiller J, Patton D, Zydowsky T, Romano J, Petro CD, Narasimhan M. Multipurpose prevention technologies: the future of HIV and STI protection. Trends Microbiol. 2015; 23(7):429-436.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2015.02.006
  56. Gottlieb SL, Deal CD, Giersing B, Rees H, Bolan G, Johnston C, Timms P, Gray-Owen SD, Jerse AE, Cameron CE, Moorthy VS, Kiarie J, Broutet N. The global roadmap for advancing development of vaccines against sexually transmitted infections: Update and next steps. Vaccine. 2016.3;34(26): 2939-2947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.111
  57. Murray SM, McKay PF. Chlamydia trachomatis: Cell biology, immunology and vaccination. Vaccine. 2021.24:S0264-410X(21)00326-1.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.043
  58. de la Maza LM, Zhong G, Brunham RC. Update on Chlamydia trachomatis Vaccinology. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2017.5;24(4):e00543-16.  https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00543-16
  59. Collier LH, Blyth WA. Immunogenicity of experimental trachoma vaccines in baboons. II. Experiments with adjuvants, and tests of cross-protection. J Hyg (Lond). 1966;64(4):529-544.  https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400040833
  60. Grayston JT, Woolridge RL, Wang SP. Trachoma vaccine studies on Taiwan. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1962.5;98:352-367.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb30558.x
  61. Grayston JT, Woolridge RL, Wang S., Yen CH, Yang CY, Cheng KH, Chang IH. Field studies of protection from infection by experimental trachoma virus vaccine in preschool-aged children on Taiwan. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1963;112:589-595.  https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-112-28112
  62. Grayston JT, Wang SP, Yeh LJ, Kuo CC. Importance of reinfection in the pathogenesis of trachoma. Rev Infect Dis. 1985;7(6):717-725.  https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/7.6.717
  63. Woolridge RL, Grayston JT, Chang IH, Cheng KH, Yang CY, Neave C. Field trial of a monovalent and of a bivalent mineral oil adjuvant trachoma vaccine in Taiwan school children. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967;63(5):1645-1650. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(67)94158-x
  64. Sowa S, Sowa J, Collier LH, Blyth WA. Trachoma vaccine field trials in The Gambia. J Hyg (Lond). 1969;67(4):699-717.  https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400042157
  65. Taylor HR, Prendergast RA. Attempted oral immunization with chlamydial lipopolysaccharide subunit vaccine. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1987 Oct;28(10):1722-1726.
  66. Taylor HR, Whittum-Hudson J, Schachter J, Caldwell HD, Prendergast RA. Oral immunization with chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988;29(12):1847-1853.
  67. Murdin AD, Su H, Manning DS, Klein MH, Parnell MJ, Caldwell HD. A poliovirus hybrid expressing a neutralization epitope from the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis is highly immunogenic. Infect Immun. 1993;61(10):4406-4414. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.61.10.4406-4414.1993
  68. Pal S, Theodor I, Peterson EM, de la Maza LM. Immunization with an acellular vaccine consisting of the outer membrane complex of Chlamydia trachomatis induces protection against a genital challenge. Infect Immun. 1997; 65(8):3361-3369. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.65.8.3361-3369.1997
  69. Abraham S, Juel HB, Bang P, Cheeseman HM, Dohn RB, Cole T, Kristiansen MP, Korsholm KS, Lewis D, Olsen AW, McFarlane LR, Day S, Knudsen S, Moen K, Ruhwald M, Kromann I, Andersen P, Shattock RJ, Follmann F. Safety and immunogenicity of the chlamydia vaccine candidate CTH522 adjuvanted with CAF01 liposomes or aluminium hydroxide: a first-in-human, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(10):1091-1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30279-8
  70. Jiang P, Du W, Xiong Y, Lv Y, Feng J, Zhu S, Xue X, Chen S, Zhang L. Hepatitis B virus core antigen as a carrier for Chlamydia trachomatis MOMP multi-epitope peptide enhances protection against genital chlamydial infection. Oncotarget. 2015.22;6(41):43281-43292. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.6533
  71. Tifrea DF, Pal S, Fairman J, Massari P, de la Maza LM. Protection against a chlamydial respiratory challenge by a chimeric vaccine formulated with the Chlamydia muridarum major outer membrane protein variable domains using the Neisseria lactamica porin B as a scaffold. NPJ Vaccines. 2020.8;5:37.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0182-9
  72. Murthy AK, Chambers JP, Meier PA, Zhong G, Arulanandam BP. Intranasal vaccination with a secreted chlamydial protein enhances resolution of genital Chlamydia muridarum infection, protects against oviduct pathology, and is highly dependent upon endogenous gamma interferon production. Infect Immun. 2007;75(2):666-676.  https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01280-06
  73. Li W, Guentzel MN, Seshu J, Zhong G, Murthy AK, Arulanandam BP. Induction of cross-serovar protection against genital chlamydial infection by a targeted multisubunit vaccination approach. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007; 14(12):1537-1544. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00274-07
  74. Donati M, Sambri V, Comanducci M, Di Leo K, Storni E, Giacani L, Ratti G, Cevenini R. DNA immunization with pgp3 gene of Chlamydia trachomatis inhibits the spread of chlamydial infection from the lower to the upper genital tract in C3H/HeN mice. Vaccine. 2003.7;21(11-12):1089-1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00631-x
  75. Li Z, Wang S, Wu Y, Zhong G, Chen D. Immunization with chlamydial plasmid protein pORF5 DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against genital chlamydial infection in mice. Sci China C Life Sci. 2008;51(11):973-980.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-008-0130-9
  76. Pal S, Barnhart KM, Wei Q, Abai AM, Peterson EM, de la Maza LM. Vaccination of mice with DNA plasmids coding for the Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein elicits an immune response but fails to protect against a genital challenge. Vaccine. 1999.5;17(5):459-465.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00219-9
  77. Wang L, Cai Y, Xiong Y, Du W, Cen D, Zhang C, Song Y, Zhu S, Xue X, Zhang L. DNA plasmid vaccine carrying Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) major outer membrane and human papillomavirus 16L2 proteins for anti-Ct infection. Oncotarget. 2017.16;8(20):33241-33251. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16601
  78. Verma R, Sahu R, Dixit S, Duncan SA, Giambartolomei GH, Singh SR, Dennis VA. The Chlamydia M278 Major Outer Membrane Peptide Encapsulated in the Poly(lactic acid)-Poly(ethylene glycol) Nanoparticulate Self-Adjuvanting Delivery System Protects Mice Against a Chlamydia muridarum Genital Tract Challenge by Stimulating Robust Systemic and Local Mucosal Immune Responses. Front. Immunol. 2018.9:2369. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02369
  79. Blakney AK, McKay PF, Christensen D, Yus BI, Aldon Y, Follmann F, Shattock RJ. Effects of cationic adjuvant formulation particle type, fluidity and immunomodulators on delivery and immunogenicity of saRNA. J Control Release. 2019.28;304:65-74.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.043
  80. Stojanovic M, Lukic I, Marinkovic E, Kovacevic A, Miljkovic R, Tobias J, Schabussova I, Zlatović M, Barisani-Asenbauer T, Wiedermann U, Inic-Kanada A. Cross-Reactive Effects of Vaccines: Heterologous Immunity between Tetanus and Chlamydia. Vaccines (Basel). 2020.1;8(4):719.  https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040719
  81. Pal S, Cruz-Fisher MI, Cheng C, Carmichael JR, Tifrea DF, Tatarenkova O, de la Maza LM. Vaccination with the recombinant major outer membrane protein elicits long-term protection in mice against vaginal shedding and infertility following a Chlamydia muridarum genital challenge. NPJ Vaccines. 2020.1;5:90.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-00239-7
  82. Cheng C, Jain P, Bettahi I, Pal S, Tifrea D, de la Maza LM. A TLR2 agonist is a more effective adjuvant for a Chlamydia major outer membrane protein vaccine than ligands to other TLR and NOD receptors. Vaccine. 2011.2; 29(38):6641-6649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.105
  83. Lu C, Zeng H, Li Z, Lei L, Yeh IT, Wu Y, Zhong G. Protective immunity against mouse upper genital tract pathology correlates with high IFNgamma but low IL-17 T cell and anti-secretion protein antibody responses induced by replicating chlamydial organisms in the airway. Vaccine. 2012 Jan 5;30(2):475-485.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.059
  84. Li W, Guentzel MN, Seshu J, Zhong G, Murthy AK, Arulanandam BP. Induction of cross-serovar protection against genital chlamydial infection by a targeted multisubunit vaccination approach. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007; 14(12):1537-1544. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00274-07
  85. Li W, Murthy AK, Guentzel MN, Chambers JP, Forsthuber TG, Seshu J, Zhong G, Arulanandam BP. Immunization with a combination of integral chlamydial antigens and a defined secreted protein induces robust immunity against genital chlamydial challenge. Infect Immun. 2010;78(9):3942-3949. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00346-10
  86. Murthy AK, Cong Y, Murphey C, Guentzel MN, Forsthuber TG, Zhong G, Arulanandam BP. Chlamydial protease-like activity factor induces protective immunity against genital chlamydial infection in transgenic mice that express the human HLA-DR4 allele. Infect Immun. 2006;74(12):6722-6729. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01119-06
  87. Yu H, Jiang X, Shen C, Karunakaran KP, Jiang J, Rosin NL, Brunham RC. Chlamydia muridarum T-cell antigens formulated with the adjuvant DDA/TDB induce immunity against infection that correlates with a high frequency of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)/tumor necrosis factor alpha and IFN-gamma/interleukin-17 double-positive CD4 T cells. Infect Immun. 78:2272-2282. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01374-09
  88. Yu H, Karunakaran KP, Jiang X, Shen C, Andersen P, Brunham RC. Chlamydia muridarum T cell antigens and adjuvants that induce protective immunity in mice. Infect Immun. 2012;80(4):1510-1518. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.06338-11
  89. Pal S, Peterson EM, de la Maza LM. Vaccination with the Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein can elicit an immune response as protective as that resulting from inoculation with live bacteria. Infect Immun. 2005;73(12):8153-8160. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.12.8153-8160.2005
  90. Carmichael JR, Pal S, Tifrea D, de la Maza LM. Induction of protection against vaginal shedding and infertility by a recombinant Chlamydia vaccine. Vaccine. 2011;29(32):5276-5283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.013
  91. Tifrea DF, Pal S, Popot JL, Cocco MJ, de la Maza LM. Increased immunoaccessibility of MOMP epitopes in a vaccine formulated with amphipols may account for the very robust protection elicited against a vaginal challenge with Chlamydia muridarum. J Immunol. 2014;192(11):5201-5213. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1303392
  92. Pal S, Peterson EM, Rappuoli R, Ratti G, de la Maza LM. Immunization with the Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein, using adjuvants developed for human vaccines, can induce partial protection in a mouse model against a genital challenge. Vaccine. 2006;24(6):766-775.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.074
  93. Cheng C, Pal S, Tifrea D, Jia Z, de la Maza LM. A vaccine formulated with a combination of TLR2 and TLR9 adjuvants and the recombinant major outer membrane protein elicits a robust immune response and significant protection against a Chlamydia muridarum challenge. Microbes Infect. 2014; 16(3):244-252.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2013.11.009
  94. Cai S, He F, Samra HS, de la Maza LM, Bottazzi ME, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR. Biophysical and stabilization studies of the Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis major outer membrane protein. Mol Pharm. 2009;6(5): 1553-1561. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp900110q
  95. Cheng C, Cruz-Fisher MI, Tifrea D, Pal S, Wizel B, de la Maza LM. Induction of protection in mice against a respiratory challenge by a vaccine formulated with the Chlamydia major outer membrane protein adjuvanted with IC31(R). Vaccine. 2011;29(13):2437-2443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.031
  96. Johnston C, Gottlieb SL, Wald A. Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for herpes simplex virus. Vaccine. 2016.3;34(26):2948-2952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.076
  97. Rechenchoski DZ, Faccin-Galhardi LC, Linhares REC, Nozawa C. Herpesvirus: an underestimated virus. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2017;62(2):151-156.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-016-0482-7
  98. Johnston C, Koelle DM, Wald A. HSV-2: in pursuit of a vaccine. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(12):4600-4609. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI57148
  99. Roth K, Ferreira VH, Kaushic C. HSV-2 vaccine: current state and insights into development of a vaccine that targets genital mucosal protection. Microb Pathog. 2013;58:45-54.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2012.11.001
  100. Zhu XP, Muhammad ZS, Wang JG, Lin W, Guo SK, Zhang W. HSV-2 vaccine: current status and insight into factors for developing an efficient vaccine. Viruses. 2014.24;6(2):371-390.  https://doi.org/10.3390/v6020371
  101. Diefenbach, RJ, & Fraefel, C. (Eds.) (2020). Herpes simplex virus: methods and protocols. (Second edition ed.) (Methods in molecular biology; Vol. 2060). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9814-2
  102. Hollier LM, Straub H. Genital herpes. BMJ Clin Evid. 2011.15;2011:1603.
  103. Xu X, Zhang Y, Li Q. Characteristics of herpes simplex virus infection and pathogenesis suggest a strategy for vaccine development. Rev Med Virol. 2019;29(4):e2054. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2054
  104. Plotkin S. History of vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014.26;111(34): 12283-12287. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1400472111

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.