The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Clinical guidelines. Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms

Journal: Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2025;18(4): 493‑567

DOI: 10.17116/kardio202518041493

Read: 4334 times

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

CLINICAL GUIDELINES. THORACIC AND THORACOABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS
CLINICAL GUIDELINES. THORACIC AND THORACOABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS

To cite this article:

Clinical guidelines. Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2025;18(4):493‑567. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/kardio202518041493

 
ЭндоКард
Подписка 2026 Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия (Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery)
 
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
Close metadata
Abstract:

Clinical guidelines Thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.

Close metadata

References:

  1. Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Thoracic Aortic Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(14):e27-e129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.015
  2. Vapnik JS, Kim JB, Isselbacher EM, et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Ascending Versus Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. Am J Cardiol. 2016;117(10):1683-1690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.02.048
  3. Irtuga OB, Gavrilyuk ND, Voronkina IV, Uspensky VE, Malashicheva AB, Moiseeva OM. Mechanisms of ascending aorta aneurysm formation of various etiologies. Russian Cardiology Journal. 2013;18(1):14-18. (In Russ.).
  4. Irtyuga O, Kopanitsa G, Kostareva A, et al. Application of Machine Learning Methods to Analyze Occurrence and Clinical Features of Ascending Aortic Dilatation in Patients with and without Bicuspid Aortic Valve. J Pers Med. 2022;12(5):794.  https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050794
  5. Pugina MYu, Gareev DA, Korzhova MA, et al. Pathomorphological features of complications in patients with bicuspid aortic valve. South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice. 2023;4(3):62-69. (In Russ.).
  6. Pinard A, Jones GT, Milewicz DM. Genetics of Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Diseases. Circ Res. 2019;124(4):588-606.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312436
  7. Thakker PD, Braverman AC. Cardiogenetics: genetic testing in the diagnosis and management of patients with aortic disease. Heart. 2021;107(8):619-626.  https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317036
  8. Upchurch GR, Escobar GA, Azizzadeh A, et al. Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg. 2021;73(1):55S-83S.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.05.076
  9. Albornoz G, Coady MA, Roberts M, et al. Familial Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections—Incidence, Modes of Inheritance, and Phenotypic Patterns. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;82(4):1400-1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.04.098
  10. Иртюга О.Б, Фрейлихман О.А., Кривоносов Д.С.. и др. Роль гена NOTCH1 в формировании аневризмы аорты. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2018;23(7):53-59. 
  11. Krüger T, Oikonomou A, Schibilsky D, et al. Aortic elongation and the risk for dissection: the Tübingen Aortic Pathoanatomy (TAIPAN) project†. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2017;51(6):1119-1126. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezx005
  12. Lescan M, Veseli K, Oikonomou A, et al. Aortic Elongation and Stanford B Dissection: The Tübingen Aortic Pathoanatomy (TAIPAN) Project. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2017;54(2):164-169.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.05.017
  13. Иртюга О.Б., Воронкина И.В., Смагина Л.В. и др.. Частота выявления аневризмы восходящего отдела аорты и механизм развития по данным регистра ФГБУ ФЦСКЭ им.В.А. Алмазова. Бюллетень Федерального Центра сердца, крови и эндокринологии им ВА Алмазова. 2011;5:73-78. 
  14. Ramanath VS, Oh JK, Sundt TM, Eagle KA. Acute Aortic Syndromes and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(5):465-481.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60566-1
  15. Knaut AL, Cleveland JC. Aortic emergencies. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2003;21(4):817-845.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-8627(03)00063-4
  16. Chau KH, Elefteriades JA. Natural History of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Size Matters, Plus Moving Beyond Size. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;56(1):74-80.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.007
  17. Bashir M, Fok M, Hammoud I, et al. A Perspective on Natural History and Survival in Nonoperated Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Patients. AORTA. 2013;1(3):182-189.  https://doi.org/10.12945/j.aorta.2013.13-043
  18. Kuzmik GA, Sang AX, Elefteriades JA. Natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg. 2012;56(2):565-571.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2012.04.053
  19. Maleki S, Björck HM, Paloschi V, et al. Aneurysm Development in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV): Possible Connection to Repair Deficiency? AORTA. 2013;1(1):13-22.  https://doi.org/10.12945/j.aorta.2013.12.011
  20. Gavrilyuk ND, Uspensky VE, Malashicheva AB, et al. Ascending aortic aneurysm: from molecular-genetic features of pathogenesis to the choice of treatment method. Translational Medicine. 2016;3(1):6-20.(In Russ.).
  21. Safi HJ, Winnerkvist A, Miller CC, et al. Effect of extended cross-clamp time during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;66(4):1204-1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(98)00781-4
  22. Riambau V, Böckler D, Brunkwall J, et al. Editor’s Choice — Management of Descending Thoracic Aorta Diseases. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2017;53(1):4-52.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.06.005
  23. Svensson LG, Arafat A, Roselli EE, et al. Inflammatory disease of the aorta: Patterns and classification of giant cell aortitis, Takayasu arteritis, and nonsyndromic aortitis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;149(2):S170-S175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.08.003
  24. Conrad MF, Cambria RP. Contemporary Management of Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Endovascular Versus Open. Circulation. 2008;117(6):841-852.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.690958
  25. Gao J, Cao H, Hu G, et al. The mechanism and therapy of aortic aneurysms. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):55.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-023-01325-7
  26. Rogers IS, Massaro JM, Truong QA, et al. Distribution, Determinants, and Normal Reference Values of Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Diameters by Computed Tomography (from the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol. 2013;111(10):1510-1516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.01.306
  27. Pelliccia A, Di Paolo FM, Quattrini FM. Aortic Root Dilatation in Athletic Population. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2012;54(5):432-437.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2012.01.004
  28. Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(7):561-632.  https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab395
  29. Stout KK, Verrier ED. Acute Valvular Regurgitation. Circulation. 2009;119(25):3232-3241. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.782292
  30. Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO. Valvular Heart Disease: Diagnosis and Management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(5):483-500.  https://doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2009.0706
  31. Coady MA. Familial Patterns of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. Archives of Surgery. 1999;134(4):361.  https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.134.4.361
  32. Isselbacher EM, Preventza O, Hamilton Black J, et al. 2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;146(24). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001106
  33. Halvorsen S, Mehilli J, Cassese S, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(39):3826-3924. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac270
  34. Kozlov BN, Panfilov DS, Sonduev EL, Lukinov VL. Predictors of early complications after ascending aorta replacement. Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2022;37(1):108-117. (In Russ).
  35. Guo D chuan, Hostetler EM, Fan Y, et al. Heritable Thoracic Aortic Disease Genes in Sporadic Aortic Dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(21):2728-2730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.1094
  36. Regalado ES, Guo D chuan, Prakash S, et al. Aortic Disease Presentation and Outcome Associated With ACTA2 Mutations. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2015;8(3):457-464.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.114.000943
  37. Morisaki H, Akutsu K, Ogino H, et al. Mutation of ACTA2 gene as an important cause of familial and nonfamilial nonsyndromatic thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection (TAAD). Hum Mutat. 2009;30(10):1406-1411. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.21081
  38. Guo DC, Pannu H, Tran-Fadulu V, et al. Mutations in smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2) lead to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Nat Genet. 2007;39(12):1488-1493. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2007.6
  39. Harris SL, Lindsay ME. Role of Clinical Genetic Testing in the Management of Aortopathies. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2021;23(2):10.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-020-01435-6
  40. Beebe HG, Kritpracha B, Serres S, Pigott JP, Price CI, Williams DM. Endograft Planning without Preoperative Arteriography: A Clinical Feasibility Study. Journal of Endovascular Therapy. 2000;7(1):8-15.  https://doi.org/10.1177/152660280000700102
  41. Zafar MA, Li Y, Rizzo JA, et al. Height alone, rather than body surface area, suffices for risk estimation in ascending aortic aneurysm. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;155(5):1938-1950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.10.140
  42. Rudarakanchana N, Bicknell CD, Cheshire NJ, et al. Variation in Maximum Diameter Measurements of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Using Unformatted Planes versus Images Corrected to Aortic Centerline. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2014;47(1):19-26.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.09.026
  43. Rodríguez-Palomares JF, Teixidó-Tura G, Galuppo V, et al. Multimodality Assessment of Ascending Aortic Diameters: Comparison of Different Measurement Methods. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2016;29(9):819-826.e4.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.04.006
  44. Mazzolai L, Teixido-Tura G, Lanzi S, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of peripheral arterial and aortic diseases. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(36):3538-3700. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae179
  45. Zur G, Andraous M, Bercovich E, et al. CT-Ultrasound Fusion for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Measurement. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2020;214(2):472-476.  https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.19.21670
  46. Borger MA, Fedak PWM, Stephens EH, et al. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery consensus guidelines on bicuspid aortic valve–related aortopathy: Executive summary. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;156(2):473-480.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.10.161
  47. Lu W, Guo W, Liu J, et al. Consistency of Proximal-to-Distal Tapering of Descending Thoracic Aortic Diameter: Quantification Using a Novel Computer Tomography-based Assessment. Ann Vasc Surg. 2019;58:205-210.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2018.12.072
  48. Vriz O, Driussi C, Bettio M, Ferrara F, D’Andrea A, Bossone E. Aortic Root Dimensions and Stiffness in Healthy Subjects. Am J Cardiol. 2013;112(8):1224-1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.05.068
  49. Skripnik AYu, Fokin VA, Mironchuk RR, et al. Assessment of the elastic characteristics of the ascending aorta wall using computed tomography angiography in electrocardiographic synchronization mode with extended post-processing of data. Russian Cardiology Journal. 2019;12:48-54. (In Russ).
  50. Plonek T, Berezowski M, Bochenek M, et al. A comparison of aortic root measurements by echocardiography and computed tomography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;157(2):479-486.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.07.053
  51. McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(38):3912-4018. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178
  52. Davenport MS, Perazella MA, Yee J, et al. Use of Intravenous Iodinated Contrast Media in Patients With Kidney Disease. Kidney Med. 2020;2(1):85-93.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.01.001
  53. Davenport MS, Perazella MA, Yee J, et al. Use of Intravenous Iodinated Contrast Media in Patients With Kidney Disease. Kidney Med. 2020;2(1):85-93.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.01.001
  54. Bhave NM, Nienaber CA, Clough RE, Eagle KA. Multimodality Imaging of Thoracic Aortic Diseases in Adults. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(6):902-919.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.03.009
  55. Freeman LA, Young PM, Foley TA, Williamson EE, Bruce CJ, Greason KL. CT and MRI Assessment of the Aortic Root and Ascending Aorta. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2013;200(6):W581-W592. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9531
  56. Moore AG, Eagle KA, Bruckman D, et al. Choice of computed tomography, transesophageal echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and aortography in acute aortic dissection: International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(10):1235-1238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02316-0
  57. Koschyk DH, Nienaber CA, Knap M, et al. How to Guide Stent-Graft Implantation in Type B Aortic Dissection? Circulation. 2005;112(9_supplement). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.525972
  58. Goldstein SA, Evangelista A, Abbara S, et al. Multimodality Imaging of Diseases of the Thoracic Aorta in Adults: From the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2015;28(2):119-182.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.11.015
  59. Robertson EN, van der Linde D, Sherrah AG, et al. Familial non-syndromal thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections — Incidence and family screening outcomes. Int J Cardiol. 2016;220:43-51.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.086
  60. Loeys BL, Dietz HC, Braverman AC, et al. The revised Ghent nosology for the Marfan syndrome. J Med Genet. 2010;47(7):476-485.  https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2009.072785
  61. Loscalzo ML, Goh DL, Loeys B, Kent KC, Spevak PJ, Dietz HC. Familial thoracic aortic dilation and bicommissural aortic valve: A prospective analysis of natural history and inheritance. Am J Med Genet A. 2007;143A(17):1960-1967. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.31872
  62. Girdauskas E, Disha K, Rouman M, Espinoza A, Borger MA, Kuntze T. Aortic events after isolated aortic valve replacement for bicuspid aortic valve root phenotype: echocardiographic follow-up study. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2015;48(4):e71-e76.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezv259
  63. Avadhani SA, Martin-Doyle W, Shaikh AY, Pape LA. Predictors of Ascending Aortic Dilation in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease: A Five-year Prospective Study. Am J Med. 2015;128(6):647-652.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.12.027
  64. Devereux RB, de Simone G, Arnett DK, et al. Normal Limits in Relation to Age, Body Size and Gender of Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Aortic Root Dimensions in Persons ≥15 Years of Age. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110(8):1189-1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.05.063
  65. Illuminati G, Pacilè MA, Ceccanei G, Ruggeri M, La Torre G, Ricco JB. Peroperative Intravascular Ultrasound for Endovascular Aneurysm Repair versus Peroperative Angiography: A Pilot Study in Fit Patients with Favorable Anatomy. Ann Vasc Surg. 2020;64:54-61.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2019.11.013
  66. Ulug P, Powell JT, Warschkow R, von Allmen RS. Editor’s Choice — Sex Specific Differences in the Management of Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2019;58(4):503-511.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2019.04.022
  67. Dapunt OE, Galla JD, Sadeghi AM, et al. The natural history of thoracic aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;107(5):1323-1332; discussion 1332-3. 
  68. Gu B, Choi JC, Shen YH, et al. Elastin‐Specific Autoimmunity in Smokers With Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection is Independent of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(8). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.011671
  69. Fetterman JL, Keith RJ, Palmisano JN, et al. Alterations in Vascular Function Associated With the Use of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(9). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.014570
  70. Fetterman JL, Weisbrod RM, Feng B, et al. Flavorings in Tobacco Products Induce Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2018;38(7):1607-1615. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311156
  71. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):1269-1324. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000066
  72. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2024-6117 
  73. Shores J, Berger KR, Murphy EA, Pyeritz RE. Progression of Aortic Dilatation and the Benefit of Long-Term β-Adrenergic Blockade in Marfan’s Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine. 1994;330(19):1335-1341. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199405123301902
  74. Ladouceur M, Fermanian C, Lupoglazoff JM, et al. Effect of Beta-Blockade on Ascending Aortic Dilatation in Children With the Marfan Syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99(3):406-409.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.08.048
  75. Al-abcha A, Saleh Y, Mujer M, et al. Meta-analysis Examining the Usefulness of Angiotensin Receptor blockers for the Prevention of Aortic Root Dilation in Patients With the Marfan Syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2020;128:101-106.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.04.034
  76. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;139(25). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000625
  77. Expert Panel on Detection E and T of HBC in A. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001;285(19):2486-2497. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486
  78. Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, et al. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11):e71-e126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.007
  79. Taylor AP, Yadlapati A, Andrei A, et al. Statin Use and Aneurysm Risk in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease. Clin Cardiol. 2016;39(1):41-47.  https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.22492
  80. Angeloni E, Vitaterna A, Pirelli M, Refice S. Effects of statin therapy on ascending aorta aneurysms growth: A propensity-matched analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2015;191:52-55.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.05.001
  81. Allar BG, Swerdlow NJ, de Guerre LEVM, et al. Preoperative statin therapy is associated with higher 5-year survival after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. J Vasc Surg. 2021;74(6):1996-2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2021.05.057
  82. Agmon Y, Khandheria BK, Meissner I, et al. Relation of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease with atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta in the general population. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(3):262-267.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(01)02225-1
  83. Suzuki T, Isselbacher EM, Nienaber CA, et al. Type-Selective Benefits of Medications in Treatment of Acute Aortic Dissection (from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection IRAD]). Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(1):122-127.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.08.012
  84. Bossone E, LaBounty TM, Eagle KA. Acute aortic syndromes: diagnosis and management, an update. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(9):739-749d. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx319
  85. Frank M, Adham S, Seigle S, et al. Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(15):1948-1957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.058
  86. Baderkhan H, Wanhainen A, Stenborg A, Stattin EL, Björck M. Celiprolol Treatment in Patients with Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2021;61(2):326-331.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.10.020
  87. Ong KT, Perdu J, De Backer J, et al. Effect of celiprolol on prevention of cardiovascular events in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a prospective randomised, open, blinded-endpoints trial. The Lancet. 2010;376(9751):1476-1484. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60960-9
  88. Gomez A, Wang Z, XUAN Y, Ge L, Tseng EE. Abstract 16886: Wall Stress Profiles in Tricuspid Aortic Valve Associated Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: The Effect of Surgical Threshold Diameter ≥5.5cm. Circulation. 2020;142(Suppl_3). https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.16886
  89. Davies RR, Goldstein LJ, Coady MA, et al. Yearly rupture or dissection rates for thoracic aortic aneurysms: simple prediction based on size. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;73(1):17-28.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)03236-2
  90. Mehta RH, Suzuki T, Hagan PG, et al. Predicting Death in Patients With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection. Circulation. 2002;105(2):200-206.  https://doi.org/10.1161/hc0202.102246
  91. Ziganshin BA, Zafar MA, Elefteriades JA. Descending threshold for ascending aortic aneurysmectomy: Is it time for a “left-shift” in guidelines? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;157(1):37-42.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.07.114
  92. Svensson LG, Adams DH, Bonow RO, et al. Aortic Valve and Ascending Aorta Guidelines for Management and Quality Measures. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;95(6):S1-S66.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.01.083
  93. Svensson LG, Adams DH, Bonow RO, et al. Aortic Valve and Ascending Aorta Guidelines for Management and Quality Measures. Ann Thorac Surg. 2013;95(6):S1-S66.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.01.083
  94. Kerneis C, Pasi N, Arangalage D, et al. Ascending aorta dilatation rates in patients with tricuspid and bicuspid aortic stenosis: the COFRASA/GENERAC study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19(7):792-799.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jex176
  95. Oladokun D, Patterson BO, Sobocinski J, et al. Systematic Review of the Growth Rates and Influencing Factors in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2016;51(5):674-681.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.01.017
  96. Elefteriades JA, Mukherjee SK, Mojibian H. Discrepancies in Measurement of the Thoracic Aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(2):201-217.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.084
  97. Wojnarski CM, Svensson LG, Roselli EE, et al. Aortic Dissection in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve–Associated Aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;100(5):1666-1674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.04.126
  98. Masri A, Kalahasti V, Svensson LG, et al. Aortic Cross-Sectional Area/Height Ratio and Outcomes in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve and a Dilated Ascending Aorta. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10(6). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.006249
  99. Kim JB, Spotnitz M, Lindsay ME, MacGillivray TE, Isselbacher EM, Sundt TM. Risk of Aortic Dissection in the Moderately Dilated Ascending Aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(11):1209-1219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.025
  100. Paruchuri V, Salhab KF, Kuzmik G, et al. Aortic Size Distribution in the General Population: Explaining the Size Paradox in Aortic Dissection. Cardiology. 2015;131(4):265-272.  https://doi.org/10.1159/000381281
  101. Saeyeldin A, Zafar MA, Li Y, et al. Decision-making algorithm for ascending aortic aneurysm: Effectiveness in clinical application? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;157(5):1733-1745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.124
  102. Mori M, Shioda K, Wang X, et al. Perioperative Risk Profiles and Volume-Outcome Relationships in Proximal Thoracic Aortic Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;106(4):1095-1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.05.081
  103. Guo MH, Appoo JJ, Saczkowski R, et al. Association of Mortality and Acute Aortic Events With Ascending Aortic Aneurysm. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(4):e181281. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1281
  104. Guo MH, Appoo JJ, Wells GA, et al. Protocol for a randomised controlled trial for Treatment in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Surgery versus Surveillance (TITAN: SvS). BMJ Open. 2021;11(5):e052070. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052070
  105. Peterss S, Bhandari R, Rizzo JA, et al. The Aortic Root: Natural History After Root-Sparing Ascending Replacement in Nonsyndromic Aneurysmal Patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;103(3):828-833.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.06.081
  106. Martín C, Evangelista A, Serrano-Fiz S, et al. Aortic Complications in Marfan Syndrome: Should We Anticipate Preventive Aortic Root Surgery? Ann Thorac Surg. 2020;109(6):1850-1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.08.096
  107. Milleron O, Arnoult F, Delorme G, et al. Pathogenic FBN1 Genetic Variation and Aortic Dissection in Patients With Marfan Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(8):843-853.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.043
  108. Roman MJ, Rosen SE, Kramer-Fox R, Devereux RB. Prognostic significance of the pattern of aortic root dilation in the Marfan syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22(5):1470-1476. https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(93)90559-J
  109. Morris SA, Orbach DB, Geva T, Singh MN, Gauvreau K, Lacro R V. Increased Vertebral Artery Tortuosity Index Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Children and Young Adults With Connective Tissue Disorders. Circulation. 2011;124(4):388-396.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.990549
  110. Jondeau G, Detaint D, Tubach F, et al. Aortic Event Rate in the Marfan Population. Circulation. 2012;125(2):226-232.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.054676
  111. Saeyeldin A, Zafar MA, Velasquez CA, et al. Natural history of aortic root aneurysms in Marfan syndrome. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2017;6(6):625-632.  https://doi.org/10.21037/acs.2017.11.10
  112. Hostetler EM, Regalado ES, Guo DC, et al. SMAD3 pathogenic variants: risk for thoracic aortic disease and associated complications from the Montalcino Aortic Consortium. J Med Genet. 2019;56(4):252-260.  https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105583
  113. Loeys BL, Schwarze U, Holm T, et al. Aneurysm Syndromes Caused by Mutations in the TGF-β Receptor. New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;355(8):788-798.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa055695
  114. Renard M, Callewaert B, Baetens M, et al. Novel MYH11 and ACTA2 mutations reveal a role for enhanced TGFβ signaling in FTAAD. Int J Cardiol. 2013;165(2):314-321.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.079
  115. Marsili L, Overwater E, Hanna N, et al. Phenotypic spectrum of TGFB3 disease‐causing variants in a Dutch‐French cohort and first report of a homozygous patient. Clin Genet. 2020;97(5):723-730.  https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13700
  116. Jondeau G, Ropers J, Regalado E, et al. International Registry of Patients Carrying TGFBR1 or TGFBR2 Mutations. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2016;9(6):548-558.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.116.001485
  117. van der Linde D, van de Laar IMBH, Bertoli-Avella AM, et al. Aggressive Cardiovascular Phenotype of Aneurysms-Osteoarthritis Syndrome Caused by Pathogenic SMAD3 Variants. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(5):397-403.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.052
  118. Bertoli-Avella AM, Gillis E, Morisaki H, et al. Mutations in a TGF-β Ligand, TGFB3, Cause Syndromic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(13):1324-1336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.01.040
  119. Aftab M, Cikach FS, Zhu Y, et al. Loeys-Dietz syndrome: Intermediate-term outcomes of medically and surgically managed patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;157(2):439-450.e5.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.03.172
  120. Renard M, Callewaert B, Baetens M, et al. Novel MYH11 and ACTA2 mutations reveal a role for enhanced TGFβ signaling in FTAAD. Int J Cardiol. 2013;165(2):314-321.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.079
  121. Brooke BS, Arnaoutakis G, McDonnell NB, Black JH. Contemporary management of vascular complications associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51(1):131-139.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2009.08.019
  122. Benrashid E, Ohman JW. Current management of the vascular subtype of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2020;35(6):603-609.  https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000797
  123. Charchyan ER, Stepanenko AB, Breshenkov DG, et al. Diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with vascular type of Ehlers—Danlos syndrome. Kardiologiya i serdechno-sosudistaya khirurgiya. 2017;10(6):79.  https://doi.org/10.17116/kardio201710679-84
  124. Oliver JM, Alonso-Gonzalez R, Gonzalez AE, et al. Risk of Aortic Root or Ascending Aorta Complications in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve With and Without Coarctation of the Aorta. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104(7):1001-1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.05.045
  125. Chen Y, Lin Y, Zhang H, Peng Y, Li S, Huang X. Relationship of Platelet Counts and Inflammatory Markers to 30‐Day Mortality Risk in Patients with Acute Type A Aortic Dissection. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1057496
  126. Girdauskas E, Disha K, Raisin HH, Secknus MA, Borger MA, Kuntze T. Risk of late aortic events after an isolated aortic valve replacement for bicuspid aortic valve stenosis with concomitant ascending aortic dilation. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2012;42(5):832-838.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezs137
  127. Biner S, Rafique AM, Ray I, Cuk O, Siegel RJ, Tolstrup K. Aortopathy Is Prevalent in Relatives of Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(24):2288-2295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.027
  128. Cirnu A, Kolokotronis K, Walz K, et al. Novel Mutation in LOX Associates With a Complex Aneurysmal Vascular and Cardiac Phenotype. Circ Genom Precis Med. 2021;14(1). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGEN.120.003217
  129. Galian-Gay L, Carro Hevia A, Teixido-Turà G, et al. Familial clustering of bicuspid aortic valve and its relationship with aortic dilation in first-degree relatives. Heart. Published online October 15,2018:heartjnl-2018-313802. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313802
  130. Zhu L, Vranckx R, Van Kien PK, et al. Mutations in myosin heavy chain 11 cause a syndrome associating thoracic aortic aneurysm/aortic dissection and patent ductus arteriosus. Nat Genet. 2006;38(3):343-349.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1721
  131. Wallace SE, Regalado ES, Gong L, et al. MYLK pathogenic variants aortic disease presentation, pregnancy risk, and characterization of pathogenic missense variants. Genetics in Medicine. 2019;21(1):144-151.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436-018-0038-0
  132. El Khoury G, de Kerchove L. Principles of aortic valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145(3):S26-S29.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.11.071
  133. Чернявский А.М., Альсов С.А., Хван Д.С., Сирота Д.А., Ляшенко М.М. Сравнительная клинико-функциональная оценка клапаносохраняющей операции на корне аорты при реимплантации корня аорты в протез. Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия. 2014;7(6):54-58. 
  134. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373-498.  https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612
  135. Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(36):3415-3537. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177
  136. Nair SK, Sudarshan CD, Thorpe BS, et al. Mini-Stern Trial: A randomized trial comparing mini-sternotomy to full median sternotomy for aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;156(6):2124-2132.e31.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.05.057
  137. Flynn CD, Yan TD. Minimally Invasive Aortic Surgery. In: New Approaches to Aortic Diseases from Valve to Abdominal Bifurcation. Elsevier; 2018:383-392.  https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809979-7.00033-X
  138. https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia202007125 
  139. Lamelas J, Nguyen TC. Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery: When Less Is More. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;27(1):49-56. 
  140. Charchyan ER, Breshenkov DG, Belov YuV. Minimally invasive approach in thoracic aortic surgery: experience of one center. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2019;12(6):522-535. (In Russ.).
  141. Charchyan ER, Breshenkov DG, Belov YuV. Results of minimally invasive valve-preserving interventions on the aortic root: analysis using the “pseudorandomization” method. Cardiology. 2020;60(7):91-97. (In Russ.).
  142. Charchyan ER, Breshenkov DG, Neizvestnykh DP, Chakal DA, Belov YuV. Quality of life and pain syndrome in thoracic aortic surgery using mini-sternotomy. Cardiology. 2023;63(3):46-54. (In Russ.).
  143. Charchyan ER, Breshenkov DG, Dzeranova AN, Panov AV, Belov YuV. Choice of perfusion and cannulation tactics in minimally invasive thoracic aorta surgery. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2021; 14(1):71-79. (In Russ.).
  144. Rossaykin EV, Kobzev EE, Bazylev VV. Ozaki operation from mini-access. Angiology and vascular surgery. 2019;25(3):142-148. (In Russ.).
  145. Chernov II, Makeev SA, Kozmin DYu, Tarasov DG. Correction of multivalvular heart defects using mini-access. Clinical and Experimental Surgery. 2018;1:21-26. (In Russ.).
  146. Boldyrev SYu, Kaleda VI, Efremchenko YuV, Barbukhatti KO, Porhanov VA. Prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta using a mini-access approach in a patient with chronic type A aortic dissection. Surgery Journal named after N.I. Pirogov. 2019;3:80-82. (In Russ.).
  147. Snegirev MA, Paivyn AA, Khubulava GG. Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2016;58(1):23-29. (In Russ.).
  148. Belov YuV, Stepanenko AB, Gens AP, Babalyan GV. Aortic valve replacement via mini-access. Bulletin of Surgery. 1998;157(3):47-49. (In Russ.).
  149. Midinov DM, Muratov RM, Babenko SI, Titov DA. Minithoracic access for aortic valve interventions in obese patients. Bulletin of the Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Cardiovascular Diseases. 2015;15(53):36. (In Russ.).
  150. Charchyan ER, Skvortsov AA, Golovina VI, Khachatryan ZR, Belov YuV. Use of j-shaped mini-sternotomy in hybrid frozen elephant trunk surgery. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2018;11(2):80-84. (In Russ.).
  151. Charchyan ER, Skvortsov AA, Panfilov VA, Belov YuV. Surgical interventions on the root and ascending aorta using mini-access. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2017;10(1):42-46. (In Russ.).
  152. Boldyrev SYu, Barbuchatti KO, Kim GI et al. Prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta using a mini-access approach in a patient with aortic root rupture. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014; 7(4), 109-111. 2014;7(4):109-111. (In Russ.).
  153. Hongku K, Dias NV, Sonesson B, Resch TA. Total aortic endovascular repair. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2016;67(6):784-805. 
  154. Kolvenbach RR, Karmeli R, Pinter LS, et al. Endovascular management of ascending aortic pathology. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53(5):1431-1437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.133
  155. Moon MC, Morales JP, Greenberg RK. The Aortic Arch and Ascending Aorta: Are They Within the Endovascular Realm? Semin Vasc Surg. 2007;20(2):97-107.  https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2007.04.007
  156. Dorros G, Dorros AM, Planton S, O’Hair D, Zayed M. Transseptal Guidewire Stabilization Facilitates Stent-Graft Deployment for Persistent Proximal Ascending Aortic Dissection. Journal of Endovascular Therapy. 2000;7(6):506-512.  https://doi.org/10.1177/152660280000700612
  157. Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(4):450-500.  https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JACC.2020.11.035
  158. den Hartog AW, Franken R, Zwinderman AH, et al. The Risk for Type B Aortic Dissection in Marfan Syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(3):246-254.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.050
  159. Preventza O, Coselli JS, Price MD, et al. Elective primary aortic root replacement with and without hemiarch repair in patients with no previous cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;153(6):1402-1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.10.076
  160. Czerny M, Schmidli J, Adler S, et al. Current options and recommendations for the treatment of thoracic aortic pathologies involving the aortic arch: an expert consensus document of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic surgery (EACTS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2019;55(1):133-162.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezy313
  161. 2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(41):2873-2926. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu281
  162. Shrestha M, Bachet J, Bavaria J, et al. Current status and recommendations for use of the frozen elephant trunk technique: a position paper by the Vascular Domain of EACTS. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2015;47(5):759-769.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezv085
  163. Manecke GR, Parimucha M, Stratmann G, et al. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and the femoral-to-radial arterial pressure gradient. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2004;18(2):175-179.  https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2004.01.023
  164. Козлов Б.Н., Панфилов Д.С., Пономаренко И.В. и др. Антеградная перфузия головного мозга через брахицефальный ствол при операциях на дуге аорты. Кардиология и сердечно-сосудистая хирургия 2015;8(1):30-4. 2015;8(1):30-34. 
  165. Svensson LG, Blackstone EH, Rajeswaran J, et al. Does the Arterial Cannulation Site for Circulatory Arrest Influence Stroke Risk? Ann Thorac Surg. 2004;78(4):1274-1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.04.063
  166. Hanif H, Dubois L, Ouzounian M, et al. Aortic Arch Reconstructive Surgery With Conventional Techniques vs Frozen Elephant Trunk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2018;34(3):262-273.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2017.12.020
  167. Belov YuV, Churchyan ER, Khachatryan ZR. Aortic Dissection: What to Do? (Media Sfera Publishing House, ed.).; 2019. (In Russ.).
  168. De Paulis R, Czerny M, Weltert L, et al. Current trends in cannulation and neuroprotection during surgery of the aortic arch in Europe. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2015;47(5):917-923.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezu284
  169. Belov YuV, Alekseev IA, Churchyan ER. Methods for forming a sealed anastomosis in aortic surgery. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2009;6:38-41. (In Russ.).
  170. Belov YuV, Charchyan ER, Mkrtchyan AN. Use of the “endoprosthesis” method for the prevention of aortic dilatation distal to the anastomosis site during ascending aorta reconstruction. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2010;2:29-32. (In Russ.).
  171. Charchyan ER, Breshenkov DG, Belov YuV. Hybrid operations in patients with type III aortic dissection and proximal aortic involvement. Surgery Journal named after N.I. Pirogov. 2020;9:28-37. (In Russ.).
  172. Panfilov DS, Kozlov BN, Zatolokin VV, Ponomarenko IV. Khodashinsky IA, Shipulin VM. Prevention of hemorrhagic complications during thoracic aortic surgery. Russian Cardiology Journal. 2018;11:70-76. (In Russ.).
  173. Charchyan E, Breshenkov D, Belov Y. A new dissection-specific hybrid stent graft for patients with DeBakey type I aortic dissection. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2022;61(3):596-604.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezab441
  174. Charchyan E, Breshenkov D, Belov Y. Follow-up outcomes after the frozen elephant trunk technique in chronic type B dissection. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2020;57(5):904-911.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezz348
  175. Kozlov BN, Panfilov DS, Khodashinsky IA. Five-year results of using the “frozen elephant trunk” technique for thoracic aortic dissection. Angiology and Vascular Surgery. 2019;25(2):65-78. (In Russ.).
  176. Panfilov DS, Kozlov BN, Pryakhin AS, Kopeva K V. Frozen elephant trunk technique with different proximal landing zone for aortic dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2021;33(2):286-292.  https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivab086
  177. Kozlov BN, Panfilov DS, Saushkin V V, et al. Distal aortic remodelling after the standard and the elongated frozen elephant trunk procedure. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2019;29(1):117-123.  https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivz026
  178. Chernyavsky AM, Lyashenko MM, Sirota DA, et al. Hybrid technologies in the surgical treatment of proximal aortic dissections. Russian Cardiology Journal 2018;(11):8-13. 2018;11:8-13. (In Russ.).
  179. Belov YuV, Charchyan ER., Breshenkov DG, et al. Surgical treatment of mega-aorta syndrome: experience of one center. Surgery Journal named after N.I. Pirogov — 2021 — No. 6-2 — P. 15-25. 2021;6-2:15-25. (In Russ.).
  180. Abugov SA, Polyakov RS, Churchyan ER, et al. Endoprosthetics in hybrid and staged aortic surgery. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2018;11(6):38-44. (In Russ.).
  181. Tsagakis K, Dohle DS, Wendt D, et al. Left subclavian artery rerouting and selective perfusion management in frozen elephant trunk surgery. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2015;24(5):311-316.  https://doi.org/10.3109/13645706.2015.1069358
  182. Bertoglio L, Castiglioni A, Grandi A, Cambiaghi T, Verzini A, Chiesa R. Custom-Made E-Vita Graft for Frozen Elephant Trunk With Arch-First Technique. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;104(6):e467-e469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.07.022
  183. https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia201878 
  184. Song S, Song SW, Kim TH, Lee KH, Yoo KJ. Effects of preemptive cerebrospinal fluid drainage on spinal cord protection during thoracic endovascular aortic repair. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(8):2404-2412. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.07.03
  185. Etz CD, Weigang E, Hartert M, et al. Contemporary spinal cord protection during thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic surgery and endovascular aortic repair: a position paper of the vascular domain of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery†. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2015;47(6):943-957.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezv142
  186. Etz CD, Debus ES, Mohr FW, Kölbel T. First-in-man endovascular preconditioning of the paraspinal collateral network by segmental artery coil embolization to prevent ischemic spinal cord injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;149(4):1074-1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.12.025
  187. Estrera AL, Sheinbaum R, Miller CC, et al. Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage During Thoracic Aortic Repair: Safety and Current Management. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88(1):9-15.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.03.039
  188. Andersen ND, Williams JB, Hanna JM, Shah AA, McCann RL, Hughes GC. Results with an algorithmic approach to hybrid repair of the aortic arch. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57(3):655-667.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2012.09.039
  189. Belov YuV, Abugov SA, Polyakov RS, Churchyan ER, Puretsky MV, Saakyan YuM. Comparison of immediate and long-term results of endoprosthetics and open surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysms. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2017;10(2):52-57. (In Russ.).
  190. Bavaria J, Vallabhajosyula P, Moeller P, Szeto W, Desai N, Pochettino A. Hybrid approaches in the treatment of aortic arch aneurysms: Postoperative and midterm outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;145(3):S85-S90.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.11.044
  191. Haulon S, Greenberg RK, Spear R, et al. Global experience with an inner branched arch endograft. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;148(4):1709-1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.02.072
  192. Cao P, De Rango P, Czerny M, et al. Systematic review of clinical outcomes in hybrid procedures for aortic arch dissections and other arch diseases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;144(6):1286-1300.e2.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.06.013
  193. Weiss S, Bühlmann R, von Allmen RS, et al. Management of floating thrombus in the aortic arch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;152(3):810-817.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.078
  194. Kouchoukos NT, Masetti P. Aberrant subclavian artery and Kommerell aneurysm: Surgical treatment with a standard approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;133(4):888-892.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.12.005
  195. Silveira PG, Franklin RN, Cunha JRF, Neves TT, Nascimento GG, Bortoluzzi CT. Total endovascular repair of aberrant left subclavian artery with Kommerell’s diverticulum using a customized branched device. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57(4):1123-1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2012.10.008
  196. Lyons OTA, Patel AS, Saha P, Clough RE, Price N, Taylor PR. A 14-year Experience with Aortic Endograft Infection: Management and Results. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2013;46(3):306-313.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.04.021
  197. Lyons OTA, Baguneid M, Barwick TD, et al. Diagnosis of Aortic Graft Infection: A Case Definition by the Management of Aortic Graft Infection Collaboration (MAGIC). European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2016;52(6):758-763.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.09.007
  198. Okita Y, Yamanaka K, Okada K. Opinion: Aortic Graft Infection—Any Guidelines or Just Surgeon’s Experience Lines! Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019;31(4):674-678.  https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.05.037
  199. Heneghan RE, Singh N, Starnes BW. Successful Emergent Endovascular Repair of a Ruptured Mycotic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015;29(4):843.e1-843.e6.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2014.12.035
  200. Adkisson CD, Oldenburg WA, Belli E V, Harris AS, Walser EM, Hakaim AG. Treatment of a Mycotic Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Using Endovascular Stent-Graft Placement and Rifampin Infusion With Postoperative Aspiration of the Aneurysm Sac. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2011;45(8):765-768.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1538574411418007
  201. Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of Tocilizumab in Giant-Cell Arteritis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;377(4):317-328.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1613849
  202. Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in large-vessel vasculitis. Swiss Med Wkly. 2017;147(0708). https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2017.14397
  203. Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S, et al. 2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(1):19-30.  https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215672
  204. Patel VI, Mukhopadhyay S, Ergul E, et al. Impact of hospital volume and type on outcomes of open and endovascular repair of descending thoracic aneurysms in the United States Medicare population. J Vasc Surg. 2013;58(2):346-354.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2013.01.035
  205. Patterson BO, Vidal-Diez A, Holt PJ, Scali ST, Beck AW, Thompson MM. Predicting Mid-term All-cause Mortality in Patients Undergoing Elective Endovascular Repair of a Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Ann Surg. 2016;264(6):1162-1167. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001577
  206. Oderich GS, Picada-Correa M, Pereira AA. Open Surgical and Endovascular Conduits for Difficult Access During Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Ann Vasc Surg. 2012;26(7):1022-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2012.03.006
  207. Matsumura JS, Cambria RP, Dake MD, Moore RD, Svensson LG, Snyder S. International controlled clinical trial of thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair with the Zenith TX2 endovascular graft: 1-year results. J Vasc Surg. 2008;47(2):247-257.e3.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2007.10.032
  208. Mehta M, Darling RC, Taggert JB, et al. Outcomes of planned celiac artery coverage during TEVAR. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(5):1153-1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2010.06.105
  209. Rose MK, Pearce BJ, Matthews TC, Patterson MA, Passman MA, Jordan WD. Outcomes after celiac artery coverage during thoracic endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 2015;62(1):36-42.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2015.02.026
  210. Nakamura E, Nakamura K, Furukawa K, et al. Left Subclavian Artery Revascularization for Delayed Paralysis after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair. Ann Vasc Dis. 2019;12(2):233-235.  https://doi.org/10.3400/avd.cr.18-00158
  211. Kudrinsky AV, Abugov SA, Puretsky MV, et al. Endoprosthetics of the thoracic aorta in type III dissection according to DeBakey: results of 13 years of experience. Clinical and Experimental Surgery. 2020;8(2):7-16. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33029/2308-1198-2020-8-2-7-16
  212. Matsumura JS, Lee WA, Mitchell RS, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines: Management of the left subclavian artery with thoracic endovascular aortic repair. J Vasc Surg. 2009;50(5):1155-1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2009.08.090
  213. Tsilimparis N, Dayama A, Perez S, Ricotta JJ. Iliac Conduits for Endovascular Repair of Aortic Pathologies. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2013;45(5):443-448.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.01.037
  214. Botsios S, Frömke J, Walterbusch G, Schuermann K, Reinstadler J, Dohmen G. Endovascular Treatment for Nontraumatic Rupture of the Descending Thoracic Aorta: Long-Term Results. J Card Surg. 2014;29(3):353-358.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.12329
  215. Coselli JS, Green SY, Price MD, et al. Results of Open Surgical Repair in Patients With Marfan Syndrome and Distal Aortic Dissection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(6):2193-2201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.11.008
  216. Clough RE, Martin-Gonzalez T, Van Calster K, et al. Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal and Arch Aneurysms in Patients with Connective Tissue Disease Using Branched and Fenestrated Devices. Ann Vasc Surg. 2017;44:158-163.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2017.05.013
  217. Tong MZ, Eagleton MJ, Roselli EE, et al. Outcomes of Open Versus Endovascular Repair of Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg. 2022;113(4):1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.04.100
  218. Waterford SD, Gardner RL, Moon MR. Extent of Aortic Replacement in Type A Dissection: Current Answers for an Endless Debate. Ann Thorac Surg. 2018;106(4):1246-1250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.03.088
  219. Oderich GS, Ribeiro M, Reis de Souza L, Hofer J, Wigham J, Cha S. Endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms using fenestrated and branched endografts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;153(2):S32-S41.e7.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.10.008
  220. Khan FM, Naik A, Hameed I, et al. Open Repair of Descending Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Meta-Analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2020;110(6):1941-1949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.069
  221. Estrera AL, Miller CC, Huynh TTT, Porat E, Safi HJ. Neurologic outcome after thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72(4):1225-1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02971-X
  222. Walsh K, O’Connor DJ, Weaver F, et al. Survival after endovascular therapy in patients with ruptured thoracic aortic diseases: Results from the Global Registry for Endovascular Aortic Treatment Registry. J Vasc Surg. 2020;72(5):1544-1551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2020.02.022
  223. Gaudino M, Lau C, Munjal M, Girardi LN. Open repair of ruptured descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;150(4):814-823.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.06.077
  224. Kölbel T, Spanos K, Jama K, et al. Early outcomes of the t-Branch off-the-shelf multi-branched stent graft in 542 patients for elective and urgent aortic pathologies: A retrospective observational study. J Vasc Surg. 2021;74(6):1817-1824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2021.05.041
  225. Wong CS, Healy D, Canning C, Coffey JC, Boyle JR, Walsh SR. A systematic review of spinal cord injury and cerebrospinal fluid drainage after thoracic aortic endografting. J Vasc Surg. 2012;56(5):1438-1447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2012.05.075
  226. Sandhu HK, Evans JD, Tanaka A, et al. Fluctuations in Spinal Cord Perfusion Pressure: A Harbinger of Delayed Paraplegia After Thoracoabdominal Aortic Repair. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2017;29(4):451-459.  https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semtcvs.2017.05.007
  227. Lima B, Nowicki ER, Blackstone EH, et al. Spinal cord protective strategies during descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the modern era: The role of intrathecal papaverine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;143(4):945-952.e1.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.01.029
  228. Coselli JS, LeMaire SA, Preventza O, et al. Outcomes of 3309 thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repairs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;151(5):1323-1338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.12.050
  229. Girardi LN, Lau C, Ohmes LB, et al. Open repair of descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms in octogenarians. J Vasc Surg. 2018;68(5):1287-1296.e3.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.12.083
  230. Chepurnyak EYu, Belov VYu, Churchyan ER, et al. Comparative assessment of methods for protecting visceral organs and kidneys during thoracoabdominal aortic prosthetics (experience of the B.V. Petrovsky Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery). Bulletin of Anesthesiology and Reanimation. 2021;18(2):48-55. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2021-18-2-48-55
  231. Belov Yu, Churchyan E, Axelrod B, et al. Protection of the brain and internal organs during reconstructive surgery on the aortic arch: features of intraoperative tactics and monitoring. Circulatory Pathology and Cardiac Surgery 2016; 20(4):34-44. 2016;20(4):34-44. (In Russ.).
  232. Estrera AL, Miller CC, Huynh TTT, et al. Preoperative and operative predictors of delayed neurologic deficit following repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126(5):1288-1294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(03)00962-0
  233. CHARCHYAN E, BRESHENKOV D, BELOV Y. Single-stage total aortic replacement in patients with mega-aortic syndrome. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2021;62(5). https://doi.org/10.23736/S0021-9509.21.11598-8
  234. Chepurnyak EYu, Panov AV, Charchyan ER, Axelrod BA, Lokshin LS. Protection of visceral organs and kidneys during thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2021;14(2):162-167. (In Russ.).
  235. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, Coselli JS, Safi HJ. Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations. J Vasc Surg. 1993;17(2):357-370. 
  236. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, Coselli JS, Safi HJ. Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations. J Vasc Surg. 1993;17(2):357-370.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(93)90421-H
  237. Sugimoto M, Panuccio G, Bisdas T, Berekoven B, Torsello G, Austermann M. Tortuosity is the Significant Predictive Factor for Renal Branch Occlusion after Branched Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2016;51(3):350-357.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.09.013
  238. Fairman AS, Beck AW, Malas MB, et al. Reinterventions in the modern era of thoracic endovascular aortic repair. J Vasc Surg. 2020;71(2):408-422.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2019.04.484
  239. Eng J, Wilson RF, Subramaniam RM, et al. Comparative Effect of Contrast Media Type on the Incidence of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164(6):417.  https://doi.org/10.7326/M15-1402
  240. Buth J, Harris PL, Hobo R, et al. Neurologic complications associated with endovascular repair of thoracic aortic pathology: Incidence and risk factors. A study from the European Collaborators on Stent/Graft Techniques for Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EUROSTAR) Registry. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46(6):1103-1111.e2.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2007.08.020
  241. Eagleton MJ, Shah S, Petkosevek D, Mastracci TM, Greenberg RK. Hypogastric and subclavian artery patency affects onset and recovery of spinal cord ischemia associated with aortic endografting. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(1):89-95.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2013.07.007
  242. Scali ST, Kim M, Kubilis P, et al. Implementation of a bundled protocol significantly reduces risk of spinal cord ischemia after branched or fenestrated endovascular aortic repair. J Vasc Surg. 2018;67(2):409-423.e4.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.05.136
  243. Acher CW, Wynn MM, Hoch JR, Popic P, Archibald J, Turnipseed WD. Combined use of cerebral spinal fluid drainage and naloxone reduces the risk of paraplegia in thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg. 1994;19(2):236-249.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0741-5214(94)70099-0
  244. Wang TKM, Desai MY. Thoracic aortic aneurysm: Optimal surveillance and treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2020;87(9):557-568.  https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.19140-1
  245. Thoongsuwan N, Stern EJ. Chest CT scanning for clinical suspected thoracic aortic dissection: beware the alternate diagnosis. Emerg Radiol. 2002;9(5):257-261.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-002-0249-0
  246. Poskaite P, Pamminger M, Kranewitter C, et al. Self-navigated 3D whole-heart MRA for non-enhanced surveillance of thoracic aortic dilation: A comparison to CTA. Magn Reson Imaging. 2021;76:123-130.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2020.12.003
  247. Agarwal PP, Chughtai A, Matzinger FRK, Kazerooni EA. Multidetector CT of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. RadioGraphics. 2009;29(2):537-552.  https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.292075080
  248. Gagné-Loranger M, Dumont É, Voisine P, Mohammadi S, Dagenais F. Natural history of 40-50 mm root/ascending aortic aneurysms in the current era of dedicated thoracic aortic clinics. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2016;50(3):562-566.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezw123
  249. Mok CK, Boey J, Wang R, et al. Warfarin versus dipyridamole-aspirin and pentoxifylline-aspirin for the prevention of prosthetic heart valve thromboembolism: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Circulation. 1985;72(5):1059-1063. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.72.5.1059
  250. Byers PH, Belmont J, Black J, et al. Diagnosis, natural history, and management in vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017;175(1):40-47.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31553
  251. van de Laar IMBH, Baas AF, De Backer J, et al. Surveillance and monitoring in vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in European Reference Network For Rare Vascular Diseases (VASCERN). Eur J Med Genet. 2022;65(9):104557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104557
  252. Milewicz DM, Braverman AC, De Backer J, et al. Marfan syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):64.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00298-7
  253. Kuijpers JM, Mulder BJ. Aortopathies in adult congenital heart disease and genetic aortopathy syndromes: management strategies and indications for surgery. Heart. 2017;103(12):952-966.  https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308626
  254. Requejo-García L, Martínez-López R, Plana-Andani E, et al. Extrathoracic Aneurysms in Marfan Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Ann Vasc Surg. 2022;87:548-559.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2022.08.005
  255. MacCarrick G, Black JH, Bowdin S, et al. Loeys–Dietz syndrome: a primer for diagnosis and management. Genetics in Medicine. 2014;16(8):576-587.  https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2014.11
  256. Ziza V, Canaud L, Molinari N, Branchereau P, Marty-Ané C, Alric P. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair: A single center’s 15-year experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016;151(6):1595-1603.e7.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.12.030
  257. Melissano G, Tshomba Y, Mascia D, et al. Late open conversion after TEVAR. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2016;57(4):491-497. 
  258. Nakhaei P, Bashir M, Jubouri M, et al. Aortic remodeling, distal stent‐graft induced new entry and endoleak following frozen elephant trunk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Card Surg. 2022;37(11):3848-3862. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.16918
  259. Daye D, Walker TG. Complications of endovascular aneurysm repair of the thoracic and abdominal aorta: evaluation and management. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2018;8(S1):S138-S156. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt.2017.09.17
  260. Wanhainen A, Verzini F, Van Herzeele I, et al. Editor’s Choice — European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Abdominal Aorto-iliac Artery Aneurysms. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2019;57(1):8-93.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.09.020
  261. McKellar SH, Michelena HI, Li Z, Schaff H V, Sundt TM. Long-Term Risk of Aortic Events Following Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valves. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(11):1626-1633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.07.043
  262. Girdauskas E, Rouman M, Disha K, et al. Aortic Dissection After Previous Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(12):1409-1411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.022
  263. Iribarne A, Keenan J, Benrashid E, et al. Imaging Surveillance After Proximal Aortic Operations: Is it Necessary? Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;103(3):734-741.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.06.085
  264. van Kimmenade RRJ, Kempers M, de Boer MJ, Loeys BL, Timmermans J. A clinical appraisal of different Z-score equations for aortic root assessment in the diagnostic evaluation of Marfan syndrome. Genetics in Medicine. 2013;15(7):528-532.  https://doi.org/10.1038/gim.2012.172
  265. Barili F, Pacini D, Capo A, et al. Does EuroSCORE II perform better than its original versions? A multicentre validation study. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(1):22-29.  https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs342
  266. Svensson LG, Khitin L. Aortic cross-sectional area/height ratio timing of aortic surgery in asymptomatic patients with Marfan syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;123(2):360-361.  https://doi.org/10.1067/mtc.2002.118497
  267. Marcaccio CL, Schermerhorn ML. Epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Semin Vasc Surg. 2021;34(1):29-37.  https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2021.02.004
  268. Gu B, Choi JC, Shen YH, et al. Elastin‐Specific Autoimmunity in Smokers With Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection is Independent of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(8). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.011671
  269. Lobato AC, Puech-Leão P. Predictive factors for rupture of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 1998;27(3):446-453.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0741-5214(98)70319-2
  270. Kim JB, Kim K, Lindsay ME, et al. Risk of Rupture or Dissection in Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Circulation. 2015;132(17):1620-1629. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.015177
  271. Davies RR, Gallo A, Coady MA, et al. Novel Measurement of Relative Aortic Size Predicts Rupture of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81(1):169-177.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.06.026
Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.