The objective of the present work was to evaluate the difference between the levels of sex hormones in men undergoing surgery for the treatment of varicocele on the left-hand side. The concentration of hormones was measured simultaneously in the blood serum from the cubital vein and the pampiniform venous plexus. The levels of sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone) were determined in 35 patients with varicocele operated by the method of Marmar - Goldstein (microsurgical varicocelectomy). The control group was comprised of the patients who were operated for the treatment of scrotal hydrocele, inguinal hernias as well as other testicular pathology unrelated to variсocele (a total of 25 subjects). The highest concentration of sex hormones was documented in the patients presenting with varicoсele of pampiniform venous plexus where the levels of estradiol and testosterone were 149.910±18.87 and 163.989±16.92-times those in the cubital vein respectively. In the control group, the differences between the respective hormone levels were much smaller (78.3±13.9-fold).