The art and philosophy of surgery are not often discussed in modern medical literature compared to scientific discoveries and technological advances, although they are equally important for the future generations of surgeons mastering and for high standards compliance. The authors of this article have made an attempt to analyze their personal experience and some literature review to define the essential circumstances for a good surgeon’s personality maturation and the qualities that such a specialist should possess. In addition to the solid theoretical knowledge, practical skills and a number of personal qualities, a good surgeon should have got common sense. This allows the surgeon to make the logically sound practical decisions under the conditions where scientifically established treatment criteria are not available. Some other possible ways to develop and to strengthen common sense during surgical training and subsequent practice require a different analysis.