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Satanin L.A.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Kulikov V.V.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Shemyakov S.E.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Chernikova N.A.

Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery

Shkarubo A.N.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Shishkina L.V.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Pronin I.N.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Shelesko E.V.

Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery

Astafieva L.I.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Mazerkina N.A.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Satanina M.L.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Adueva D.Sh.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Lost anatomical structure — pharyngeal pituitary gland (Hypophysis pharyngealis or Erdheim pituitary gland): a review and case report

Authors:

Satanin L.A., Kulikov V.V., Shemyakov S.E., Chernikova N.A., Shkarubo A.N., Shishkina L.V., Pronin I.N., Shelesko E.V., Astafieva L.I., Mazerkina N.A., Satanina M.L., Adueva D.Sh.

More about the authors

Journal: Burdenko's Journal of Neurosurgery. 2026;90(1): 83‑91

DOI: 10.17116/neiro20269001183

Read: 527 times

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Table of contents

LOST ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE — PHARYNGEAL PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS PHARYNGEALIS OR ERDHEIM PITUITARY GLAND): A REVIEW AND CASE REPORT
LOST ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE — PHARYNGEAL PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS PHARYNGEALIS OR ERDHEIM PITUITARY GLAND): A REVIEW AND CASE REPORT

To cite this article:

Satanin LA, Kulikov VV, Shemyakov SE, et al. Lost anatomical structure — pharyngeal pituitary gland (Hypophysis pharyngealis or Erdheim pituitary gland): a review and case report. Burdenko's Journal of Neurosurgery. 2026;90(1):83‑91. (In Russ., In Engl.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/neiro20269001183

Подписка 2025 Журнал «Вопросы нейрохирургии» имени Н.Н. Бурденко (Burdenko's Journal of Neurosurgery)
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Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
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Abstract:

Pharyngeal pituitary gland is a glandular structure located along the path of Rathke’s pouch (along the midline under mucous membrane of the nasopharynx near the lower wall of sphenoid bone). The purpose of this study was to examine literature data on anatomy and physiology of pharyngeal pituitary gland, its possible relationship with extracranial ectopic pituitary adenomas, as well as to describe appropriate patient. Literary data confirm pharyngeal pituitary gland as a permanent human anatomical structure capable of release of all hormones similar to those of anterior pituitary gland. Functional significance of pharyngeal pituitary gland is unknown. However, it may be a source of ectopic adenomas in nasopharynx and skull base. These data are important for diagnosis in patients with endocrine disorders associated with malformations and ectopic pituitary adenomas.

Keywords:

normal human anatomy
pharyngeal pituitary gland
pituitary adenomas
ectopic pituitary adenoma
skull base tumors
nasopharyngeal tumors

Authors:

Satanin L.A.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Kulikov V.V.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Shemyakov S.E.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Chernikova N.A.

Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery

Shkarubo A.N.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Shishkina L.V.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Pronin I.N.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Shelesko E.V.

Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery

Astafieva L.I.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Mazerkina N.A.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Satanina M.L.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Adueva D.Sh.

Burdenko Neurosurgical Center

Received:

07.04.2025

Accepted:

03.09.2025

Close metadata

References:

  1. Erdeim J. Uber einem Hypophysentumour von ungewohn lichem Sitz. Beitrage pathologische Anatomie. 1909;46:233-240. 
  2. Kato Y, Kato T. Development of the anterior pituitary: diverse lineages of the stem/progenitor cells. Endocrine Journal. 2024;71(6):547-559.  https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0676
  3. Sav A, Menna G, Serra C, Söztutar E, Türe U. Anatomy of the pituitary gland. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2025;39(3):102013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2025.102013
  4. AlHatmi A, Raniga S, Al Shidhani A, Al-Ajmi E. Partial ectopic posterior pituitary: A rare imaging entity with literature review. The Neuroradiology Journal. 2024;37(5):636-639.  https://doi.org/10.1177/19714009231212369
  5. Perogiannaki A, Chandra J, Buchanan C, Arya VB, Thomas NW, Zebian B, Kapoor RR. Nasopharyngeal glial heterotopia, ectopic pituitary and craniopharyngeal canal. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2023;108(5):348-349.  https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-325086
  6. Khaleghi M, Vignolles-Jeong J, Otto B, Carrau R, Prevedello D. Intraoperative ultrasound-assisted endoscopic endonasal transclival marsupialization of an ectopic retrosellar Rathke’s cleft cyst: A rare case illustration and systematic review of the literature. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2024;236:108050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108050
  7. Zhu C, Liu T, Yu H, Chang L, Zhang X, Yao J, Zhang G, Chen Q, He Q, Liu M. Central hyperthyroidism due to an ectopic TSH-secreting pituitary tumor: a case report and literature review. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2024;15:1301260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1301260
  8. Chernikova NA, Satanin LA, Shelesko EV, Danilov GV, Agrba SB, Shkarubo AN, Mazerkina NA Satanina M.L. Congenital basal encephaloceles involving functionally important structures. Burdenko’s Journal of Neurosergery. 2024;88(5):102-109. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/neiro202488051102
  9. Shuman W, Loewenstern J, Pai A, Bederson J, Shrivastava R. Variability in Clinical Presentation and Pathologic Implications of Ectopic Pituitary Tumors: Critical Review of Literature. World Neurosurgery. 2019;122:397-403.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.200
  10. Phylactou M, Dixon L, Rennie C, Han T, Gaur J, Martin NM. Ectopic Thyrotropin-Secreting Tumor in the Nasopharynx Causing Central Hyperthyroidism. JCEM Case Reports. 2025;3(1):luae250. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcemcr/luae250
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