The need for sanatorium-resort treatment In Russia is increasing. At the same time, there is not enough development of health and recreation areas suitable for the establishment of sanatoriums. The article presents a rationale for the prospects of health and recreation area development and possibility of using geothermal waters and muds from the Essovsky hydrothermal deposit for treatment and rehabilitation. The performed literature review and survey of health and recreation area of Esso village of the Kamchatka Region show the prospect of development of the territory for resort and recreation development using the thermal water deposit resources. Thermal waters and muds of the Essovsky deposit contain highly active balneological components, in addition, new data on the presence of radon in the accompanying gases of wells of the deposit extend the possibilities of using these nitrogen-siliceous waters in balneology. Esso village is located in an ecologically clean place in the center of Kamchatka Peninsula, on the territory of the Bystrinsky Nature Park, which has a unique ecosystem. The relatively developed infrastructure of Esso village, predominance of steep slopes and presence of an active ski resort on the territory of the Bystrinsky district allows to develop winter sports with a comprehensive use of health and recreation area for rehabilitation. Despite the huge potential, the Essovsky hydrothermal deposit is used mainly by local population for amateur treatment, but not enough for the purposes of balneology. It was concluded using the method of comparative analysis of natural factors of the Bystrinsky district with active health and recreation areas of the Russian Federation (Belokurikha, Bylyra, Kuldur, etc.), which have similar characteristics, that it is necessary and expedient to comprehensively develop health and recreation areas and build an «Esso» balneological resort of federal importance.