In the last quarter century, there have been two “worlds of medicine. In one, bright and high, decisions were made on the basis of international multicenter randomized clinical trials. For novice adepts of evidence-based medicine, it was clear by how many percent and with what probability we could improve the condition of a particular patient, provided, of course, that he or she matched the narrow sample that participated in the study in question. It was these results that were taken into account by the government and insurance companies to determine what and how to treat, what care should and should not be paid for. “Warriors” of pharmacoeconomics considered the effectiveness of money invested in medicine. In the world of other medicine, decisions were made based on experience, habits, intuition, and something else unspeakable and inexplicable. Sometimes the consequences of these decisions were good, sometimes not so good. The world was simple and logical. In the last decade, however, evidence-based medicine has begun to open up on a different side.