The objective of the present study was the analysis of the current state of the problem of the frequently ill children. The authors present the classification of the frequently ill children together with information concerning the influence of various factors on the incidence of pediatric pathologies with special reference to the major pathogenic agents responsible for the formation of the areas of chronic inflammation in the ENT organs of the children. The approaches to the treatment and rehabilitation of the patients belonging to this age group requiring the follow-up monitoring are considered. It is concluded that the comprehensive strategy is needed for providing the adequate care to such children including specific preventive vaccination, well-timed adequate treatment of acute respiratory conditions, rehabilitative therapy with the use of the adaptogenic substances, the development of resistance to the cold and other unfavourable factors, implementation of the relevant socio-medical programs.