This article is devoted to the methodological aspects of the performance of forensic medical expertises of the health status in the children under conditions of a deficit in meeting the child’s basic needs. The approaches described in this paper are based on two fundamental principles underlying the universally accepted criteria for the child’s health and the original results obtained by the authors. Different aspects of the algorithm of forensic medical examination of the children whose basic needs are neglected are discussed with special reference to the methods for studying and estimating the children’s health status. The practical application of the proposed method would enable the law administrators to take the well-founded decisions in connection with the investigations into criminal cases commenced under article №156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation based on the objective data on the child’s health in the best interest of the child.