This article presents a concise review of the literature data concerning the modern methods for the expert evaluation of medical documentation as an object of forensic medical examination. The authors lay special emphasis on the practical significance of this issue for the scientifically sound substantiation of the results of forensic medical expertise carried out for the elucidation of the causes of death and the relationship between the injury and the outcome of the medical aid provided for its treatment. The expert evaluation of medical documentation is equally important for the assessment of the harm to health and the cause of death as a consequence of a thermal and/or mechanical injury inflicted during the hospital stay and in the late post-traumatic period.