The objective — of the present study was the analysis of the information about the advantages and disadvantages of the extra- and endonasal approaches to the maxillary sinus for the purpose of cyst removal. A total of 120 patients were recruited to participate in the study; they were allocated to three groups. Those of the first group underwent extranasal maxillary sinusotomy (n=40); the patients of the second group were treated by removing the cysts with the use of the endonasal method for the broadening of the natural anastomosis (n=40); the endonasal approach for the formation of an anthropomy in the region of the lower nasal passage was applied for the treatment of the patients comprising the third group (n=40). The following characteristics of the different approaches to the maxillary sinus were evaluated: the duration of the access to the sinus, the volume of blood loss during the intervention, the clinical features during the postoperative period, and the assessment of the dynamics of complaints with which the patients were admitted for the surgical intervention as well as the frequency of the recurrences of the disease following the incomplete removal of the cysts. The results of the study give evidence that the use of the extranasal approach to the maxillary sinus and the endonasal access through the lower nasal passage allow to completely remove the cyst shells and reduce to a minimum the likelihood of recurrence of the disease. At the same time, the use of endonasal surgery makes it possible to avoid injuries to the soft tissues of the buccal region and thereby the loss of sensitivity or hyperesthesia during the postoperative period. It is concluded that the most convenient among the endonasal approaches is the access through the lower nasal passage by virtue of the simplicity of its performance, a clear vision of the operative field, insignificant blood loss, the minimal subjective and objective manifestations of nasal dysfunction during the postoperative period.