Current trends in the study of HIV infection factors do not generally touch upon the psychological formation of complex behaviors associated with the risk of HIV infection. Objective — to identify the behavioral risk markers of HIV infection. Subject and methods. The investigation enrolled 34 HIV-infected patients from the Volgograd Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, 60 postgraduate students and teachers from the Volgograd State University and the Volgograd State Agrarian University, who had no signs of a behavioral risk for HIV infection. A control group consisted of 230 extramural students at the Volgograd State University and Volgograd Agrarian University, who had been randomly selected. The psychological type indicators that are potentially significant for the behavioral risk of HIV infection were comparatively assessed by unified blank testing. Results. The psychological status of HIV-infected persons and those who were not prone to risky behavior was comparatively analyzed. Adventurousness and social destructiveness were found to be personality traits that were statistically significantly pronounced in the HIV-infected group. The prevalence of the values of behavioral and, as a consequence, professional activities in the group of respondents who are not at behavioral risk can be a factor that prevents the destructive actions associated with the risk of HIV infection. At the same time, there was a preponderance of dysthymicity in HIV-infected men and that of exaltation in respondents who were not prone to risky behavior. The women who were not at behavioral risk for HIV infection showed a predominance of emotivity and cyclothymicity, which distinguished them from female HIV-infected respondents. Based on the calculated control values of HIV risk indicators, a reference table was compiled, which reflected the specificity of a set of behavioral risk markers by human gender. Conclusion. The comparative analysis of the psychological status of HIV-infected persons and those who are not prone to risky behavior could reveal the markers of behavioral risk for HIV infection.