Increase of efficiency and safety of treatment of infertility is the priority direction of development of the assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) remains a controversial aspect of reproductive medicine. Lack of fixed selection criteria for single or double embryo transfer, causes relevance of research of eSET cycles. Objective. To assess the clinical and embryological aspects of eSET to specify the indications and determine its efficiency and safety in comparison with DET.  Material and methods. The study included 106 cycles of ovarian stimulation from 103 married couples with tubal and/or  male factor of infertility and with history of no more than two failed IVF cycles. All women were ≤35 years old, had normal ovarian reserve. Results. The implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were 46.7% in SET group (n=45) and  22.9% (р=0.001) and 39.3% (p>0.05) in DET group (n=61). The early miscarriage rate was 19.0% and 37.5% respectively (p>0.05). The blastocyst rate formation was 53.9% vs 27.5%, р=0.002), the number of blastocyst was 2.1±0.4 vs 0.8±0.2, p<0.0001), the cryopreservation rate was 62.8% vs 30.0%, р=0.003) and the multiple pregnancy rate was 0% vs 16.7%, р=0.03. The odds ratio of multiple pregnancy at eSET in comparison with DET was 0.11 (95% CI 0.01—1.96; p=0.043). Conclusion. The efficiency of eSET program at a selective group of patient is comparable with DET with 10-fold decrease of multiple pregnancy risk.