OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effectiveness and safety of soft tissue fixation techniques in forehead and eyebrow lifting through literature review over the past 5 years.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Searching for appropriate data was performed in the electronic databases Scopus, PubMed (Medline), eLibrary and Google Scholar. We enrolled studies dated 2019—2024 and devoted to soft tissue fixation in forehead and/or eyebrow lifting. Articles devoted to mid- and lower-face lift, reviews and studies without data on soft tissue fixation were excluded. A total of 12 articles met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Various methods and devices are used for soft tissue fixation in endoscopic forehead and brow lift, such as cortical tunnels, endotine, screws, and K-wires. Fixation with hemostatic net is described for gliding brow lift. The above-mentioned fixation methods provide favorable results, but they have own peculiarities and disadvantages. Fixation with cortical tunnels is associated with the risk of recurrences and weakening of adhesion. There are no precise data on diameter and depth of the tunnel, anatomical area and plane of drilling. Fixation with endotine is characterized by possible implant palpation, risk of device displacement and high cost of fixator. Fixation with Mitek anchor requires further research to evaluate long-term results. Hemostatic net has a short fixation period. Fixation with screws and K-wires is associated with infection.
CONCLUSION
The above-described soft tissue fixation methods are widely used in endoscopic forehead and brow lifts and provide favorable results. However, each one has own limitations and risks that requires further research to improve safety and long-term effectiveness.