The paper analyzes the main milestones of the life and work of Professor Achille Mario Dogliotti and gives little-known facts about his life. Dogliotti is a universal surgeon and the author of many new interventions in neurosurgery, cancer surgery, and cardiac surgery. On August 7, 1951, he performed the world’s first successful surgery using extracorporeal circulation. The professor paid special attention to surgery of the liver and biliary tract. Dogliotti developed a biliary diversion procedure (Dogliotti’s procedure) in the cases that it was impossible to use the common bile duct, by resecting oa part of the left liver lobe; an operation for injury of the external biliary tract, by stitching the duct on a rubber tube and exteriorizing its distal end through the anterior stomach wall and the anterior abdominal wall (Dogliotti’s operation); a biliary tract drainage procedure, by placing a drainage tube with several side holes outside through the common bile duct into the duodenum (Dogliotti’s procedure). The professor proposed a number of interesting innovations in cardiovascular surgery. He is responsible for a procedure of mitral valve replacement with a pericardial pedicle flap placed into the cavity of the heart through its wall and attached between the papillary muscles (Dogliotti’s technique). He proposed some modifications of surgeries for congenital and acquired heart defects. The professor developed a tool with three working branches (a Dogliotti—Vishnevsky surgical clamp) for partial ligation of large vessels, as well as an extracorporeal circulation apparatus and a number of other original tools for cardiovascular surgery. He was among the first in the world to perform an operation using extracorporeal circulation. His studies and clinical use of moderate and deep hypothermia in cardiac surgery are also known. Dogliotti published about 300 scientific papers on surgery, including the monographs «Surgical Semiotics and Diagnosis» (1948), «Treatise on Anesthesiology» (1952), «Operational Techniques» (1956), and «Biliary Tract Surgery» (1958).