Objective — to improve the oncological, functional and aesthetic results of treatment in patients with abdominal desmoid fibromas (DFs), by improving surgical techniques. Subject and methods. The paper presents experience with surgical treatment in 61 patients, by applying the original procedure developed at the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute (MORI). In this case, 92% of the 49 patients with primary tumors received R0 resection. The latter was made in 58% in a group of 12 patients in whom the primary operation had been performed in another healthcare facility; and a disease recurrence was diagnosed at the P.A. Herzen MORI. Results. No recurrences after R0-resections were recorded at a follow-up of 1 to 92 months (median, 38.8 months) in this study. All the patients are currently alive and continue to be followed up. All the patients achieved good cosmetic and functional results and had a good quality of life. Conclusion. Surgery is the main option for radical treatment of abdominal DFs and provides stable recovery in most patients. Subtotal resection of the involved rectus muscle with the aponeurotic sheath en bloc (R0) via a median approach allows a low frequency of local recurrences. When DFs are located in the oblique and transverse abdominal muscles, it is necessary to perform a wide excision of the involved muscles within the intact tissues, by upholding the principles of sheaths.