Objective: to study nuclear mitotic apparatus changes at different stages of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical neoplasia and to determine whether they may be used as criteria for the prediction of progressive epithelial changes. Material and methods. Cytological, histological, and immunomorphological techniques and PCR were used to examine 264 high-risk HPV-positive cervical epithelial biopsy specimens. Results. Various nuclear mitotic apparatus lesions were noted in cervical neoplasia associated with high-risk HPV. When a squamous epithelial lesion got worse in the presence of suppressed apoptosis, there were increases in mitotic index and multinucleated cells with the  decreased expression of nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1 (NuMA 1). Conclusion. In low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with the preserved mechanism of asymmetric mitosis, the changes in the mitotic apparatus give rise to impaired cytotomy or multipolar mitosis. In high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and squamous cell carcinoma, these are added by severe damages to the nuclear mitotic apparatus as κ-mitoses. The negative reaction of NuMA 1 in the cells with abnormal mitoses and the expression of this protein in less than one-third of cells with typical mitoses can serve as criteria for progressive cervical neoplasia.