Objective: to improve the results of differential diagnosis of bone tumors by infrared spectroscopy of serum. Results. The use of the novel technique in the polyclinic for the preliminary differential diagnosis of benign and malignant bone tissues could reduce the rate of false-positive results by increasing its specificity from 81.3% to 84.8%, that of false-negative results by enhancing its sensitivity from 79.6% to 89.1% (p=0.006) and optimize indications for open tumor biopsy. Conclusion. Spectral serum analysis permits the rate of true-positive results of differential diagnosis of malignant and benign bone tissues to be substantially increased: the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the technique are 89.1%, 84.8%, and 87.5%, respectively.