The capabilities of percutaneous ultrasound study were studied in 483 patients with central lung carcinoma. The procedure developed by the author for percutaneous ultrasound study of chest organs was used in 86 (34.5%) of them in cases of atelectasis of the upper lung lobe or a massive tumor adjacent to the mediastinum. Surgery was performed in 195 patients; the developed procedure was applied to 60 (30.8%) patients of them. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the method in identifying the tumor process involving the pulmonary artery were 92.6, 96.7, and 95%; pulmonary veins, 91.7, 97.2, and 95%; pericardium, 90.3, 93.1, and 91.6%; heart, 83.3, 98.1, and 96.6%; superior vena cava, 80, 100, and 95.5%; pulmonary trunk; 85.7, 100, and 98.3%; aorta and its arch branches, 28.6, 100, and 88.3, respectively.