Eczema belongs to the group of the most common dermatological pathologies. The incidence of eczema varies from 6 to 15‰ (per 1000 population) and constitutes 30—40% of the total number of skin diseases. Microbial eczema (ME) ranks second, next to true eczema, in the eczema incidence pattern. At present, quite a lot of publications on the various pathogenetic links of ME have been accumulated, which provides the basis for improvement of the complex of therapeutic and diagnostic measures. ICD-10 does not comply with Russian traditional disease classification into clinical forms, which eliminates the possibility of statistical recording of ME incidence in our country. Objective. This publication is aimed at improving the knowledge of medical profession about the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, and treatment of ME based on the analysis and systematization of the literature and our own research results on the problem. Material and methods. Data on etiology, pathogenesis, classification, and treatment of ME are based on the study and analysis of 57 literature sources. The percentage of publications issued over the past 10 years (2007—2016) is 49.1%. We used Google Scholar, Cyberleninka, eLibrary, and Sigla search engines. When describing clinical cases, we used the results of our own observations of patients and their photos from our own archive. Results. Formation of ME is influenced by numerous etiopathogenic factors. The article reflects the role of the state of skin barrier and skin microbiota in the pathogenesis of the disease. It contains data that characterize immunoallergic concept of ME based on the use of modern methods of patient examination. The role of Candida spp. yeast-like fungi, which enhance pathogenic potential of the bacterial infection, was shown. General principles of the choice of ME treatment tactics were described with allowance for these facts. Clinical examples of the effectiveness of ME treatment using the combined topical medicinal product Akriderm GK (betamethasone dipropionate + clotrimazole + gentamicin) were provided. Conclusion. Immunoallergic concept plays a leading role in the in the pathogenesis of ME. The process can be triggered by various infectious agents. In the case of mixed bacterial and yeast infection, pathogenic action of both groups of pathogens increases. When conventional treatment regimens for ME are ineffective, patient should be examined for the presence of candidiasis of the skin and superficial mucous membranes. Given that in most cases ME involves no more than 20% of the skin, ternary topical corticosteroids are drugs of choice for the topical therapy. Practical clinical cases show high therapeutic efficacy of Akriderm GK (betamethasone dipropionate + clotrimazole + gentamicin).