Olfactory, gustatory and auditory disorders associated with COVID-19. A systematic review of their distribution and pathogenesis

Close metadata

Recommended articles:

Rhinoorbital mucormycosis in patients with the post-COVID syndrome. Clinical and morphological features. Russian Rhinology. 2023;(1):66-75

The new word in intrapleural drainage technique in COVID-19 infected patients. Russian Journal of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy. 2023;(1):13-17

Reversible mixed cardiomyopathy in a patient recovered from severe COVID-19: a case report. Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2023;(1):80-86

Impact of COVID-19 on some neurological and psychological features in epilepsy. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023;(3):7-11

Toxoplasmosis in the practice of a neurologist. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023;(3):110-115

Possibilities of optimizing therapy in COVID-19 survivors with focal epilepsy. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023;(3):130-136

Features of treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients with ischemic stroke. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023;(3-2):76-84

Surgical treatment of acute arterial diseases in COVID-19 patients. Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2023;(2):223-229

Features of the course of pregnancy and childbirth in women with a new coronavirus infection. Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2023;(1):73-78

The ratio of pulse oximetry saturation and spontaneous respiratory rate in assessment of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory failure. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2023;(2):51-57

The presented systematic review contains basic information about the frequency, characteristic features of the course and pathogenesis of olfactory, gustatory and auditory disorders that occur with COVID-19, with which an otorhinolaryngologist meets in his practice. These disorders are often the first, and sometimes the only, manifestations of the underlying disease, which determines their role in early diagnosis and timely detection of the underlying disease. The article includes original articles, clinical case reports and literary reviews.

Keywords:

coronavirus infection

COVID-19

anosmia

hyposmia

dysgeusia

cochlear disorders

vestibular disorders

Authors:

A.V. Fetyukov

Ryazan State Medical University

ORCID: 0009-0005-2177-822X

D.S. Pshennikov

Ryazan State Medical University;
Semashko Regional Clinical Hospital

ORCID: 0000-0002-1779-8341

S.E. Zaitseva

Ryazan State Medical University

ORCID: 0009-0005-2177-822X

Received:

05.04.2023

Accepted:

12.06.2023

List of references:

Asfandiyarova NS, Filippov EV, Dashkevich OV, Doroshina NV, Suchkova EI, Shehtmester LI. Advantages and disadvantages of lockdown (self-isolation regime) introduced during the first wave of coronaviral infection for patients with polymorbid pathology. Rossijskij mediko-biologicheskij vestnik im. I.P. Pavlova. 2021;29(3):363-368. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/PAVLOVJ79388
Kryukov AI, Kazakova AA, Guekht AB. Smell impairment in COVID-19 patients: mechanisms and clinical significance. Vestnik otorinolaringologii. 2020;85(5):93-97. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino20208505193
Radtsig EYu, Osipova EP. About the classification of olfactory disorders (based on domestic and foreign documents). Rossijskaya otorinolaringologiya. 2019;18(3):87-92. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2019-3-87-92
Hummel T, Whitcroft KL, Andrews P, Altundag A, Cinghi C, Costanzo RM, Damm M, Frasnelli J, Gudziol H, Gupta N, Haehne A, Holbrook E, Hong SC, Hornung D, Hüttenbrink KB, Kamel R, Kobayashi M, Konstantinidis I, Landis BN, Leopold DA, Macchi A, Miwa T, Moesges R, Mullol J, Mueller CA, Ottaviano G, Passali GC, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Ramakrishnan VJ, Rombaux P, Roth Y, Schlosser RA, Shu B, Soler G, Stjärne P, Stuck BA, Vodicka J, Welge-Luessen A. Position paper on olfactory dysfunction. Rhinology. Supplement. 2017;54(26):1-30. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhino16.248
Hopkins C, Surda P, Whitehead E, Kumar BN. Early recovery following new onset anosmia during the COVID-19 pandemic — an observational cohort study. Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 2020;49(1):26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-020-00423-8
Suzuki M, Saito K, Min WP, Vladau C, Toida K, Itoh H, Murakami S. Identification of viruses in patients with postviral olfactory dysfunction. Laryngoscope. 2007;117(2): 272-272. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlg.0000249922.37381.1e
Soler ZM, Patel ZM, Turner JH, Holbrook EH. A primer on viral-associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID-19. International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. 2020;10(7):814-820. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22578
Salivonchik EI, Salivonchik DP. COVID-19 and anosmia: An otorhinolaryngologist’s view. Meditsinskie novosti. 2021;3(T6):13-17. (In Russ.).
Belotserkovskaya YuG, Romanovskikh AG, Smirnov IP, Sinopalnikov AI. Long COVID-19. Consilium Medicum. 2021;23(3):261-268. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2021.3.200805
Akhmedzhanova LT, Kachanovsky MS. Olfactory disorders and polyneuropathy against the background of COVID-19 infection. Povedencheskaya nevrologiya. 2021;2:34-39. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.46393/2712-9675_2021_2_34_39
Walker A, Kelly C, Pottinger G, Hopkins C. Parosmia — a common consequence of covid-19. BMJ. 2022;377:e069860. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-069860
Lerner DK, Garvey KL, Arrighi-Allisan AE, Filimonov A, Filip P, Shah J. Clinical Features of Parosmia Associated with COVID-19 Infection. Laryngoscope. 2022;132(3):633-639. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29982
Hopkins C, Surda P, Vaira LA, Lechien JR, Safarian M, Saussez S, Kumar N. Six-month follow-up of self-reported loss of smell during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rhinology. 2022;59(1):26-31. https://doi.org/10.4193/rhin20.544
Suzaki I, Kobayashi H. Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Nasal Conditions: A Review of Current Evidence. In Vivo. 2021;35(3):1409-1417. https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.12393
Lovato A, de Filippis C. Clinical Presentation of COVID-19: A Systematic Review Focusing on Upper Airway Symptoms. Ear Nose and Throat Journal. 202;99(9):569-576. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561320920762
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
Butowt R, von Bartheld CS. Anosmia in COVID-19: Underlying Mechanisms and Assessment of an Olfactory Route to Brain Infection. Neuroscientist. 2021;27(6)582-603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858420956905
Varvyanskaya AV, Lopatin AS. COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction: features, diagnosis and rehabilitation. Farmakologiya i farmakoterapiya. 2022;(spetsvypusk):48-52. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.46393/27132129_2022_S_48
Karapetyan LS, Svistushkin VM. Olfactory dysfunction and COVID-19 — current state of the problem. Vestnik otorinolaringologii. 2020;85(6):100-104. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino202085061100
Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, Du B, Li LJ, Zeng G, Yuen KY, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, Chen PY, Xiang J, Li SY, Wang JL, Liang ZJ, Peng YX, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu YH, Peng P, Wang JM, Liu JY, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng ZJ, Qiu SQ, Luo J, Ye CJ, Zhu SY, Zhong NS; China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(18):1708-1720. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
Streeck H. Wir haben neue Symptome entdeckt. Frantfurter Allgemeine. 2020;254(17):65-72. https://doi.org/10.16798/NEJMoa.16681450
Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Profilaktika, diagnostika i lechenie novoj koronavirusnoj infektsii (COVID-19). Versiya 15 ot 22.02.22. (In Russ.). Accessed November 27, 2023. https://static-0.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/059/392/original/BMP_COVID-19_V15.pdf
Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, Horoi M, Le Bon SD, Rodriguez A, Dequanter D, Blecic S, El Afia F, Distinguin L, Chekkoury-Idrissi Y, Hans S, Delgado IL, Calvo-Henriquez C, Lavigne P, Falanga C, Barillari MR, Cammaroto G, Khalife M, Leich P, Souchay C, Rossi C, Journe F, Hsieh J, Edjlali M, Carlier R, Ris L, Lovato A, De Filippis C, Coppee F, Fakhry N, Ayad T, Saussez S. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicenter European study. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2020;277(8):2251-2261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1
Tong JY, Wong A, Zhu D, Fastenberg JH, Tham T. The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. 2020;163(1):3-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820926473
Obukhova LM, Mukhina IV. The role of the basal cells of the olfactory epithelium in neurogenesis. Kletochnaya transplantologiya i tkanevaya inzheneriya. 2011;1(4):49-54. (In Russ.).
Medeulova AR, Zhapar KA, Kussainova DG. Mechanisms of olfactory impairment in COVID-19: a systematic review. Infektsionnye bolezni: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2022;11(2):8-13. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33029/2305-3496-2022-11-2-8-13
Shang J, Ye G, Shi K, Wan Y, Luo C, Aihara H, Geng Q, Auerbach A, Li F. Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2020;581(7807):221-224. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2179-y
Smith DV. Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Taste. Taste and smell disorders. Seiden AM, ed. New York: Theme Publishers; 1997:128-145.
Varvyanskaya AV, Lopatin AS. Evidence of new coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tract. Rossijskaya rinologiya. 2020;28(3):157-163. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/rosrino202028031157
Thomas DC, Chablani D, Parekh S, Pichammal RC, Shanmugasundaram K, Pitchumani PK. Dysgeusia: A review in the context of COVID-19. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2022;153(3):251-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2021.08.009
Altin F, Cingi C, Uzun T, Bal C. Olfactory and gustatory abnormalities in COVID-19 cases. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2020;277(10):2775-2781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06155-9
Mahmoud MM, Abuohashish HM, Khairy DA, Bugshan AS, Khan AM, Moothedath MM. Pathogenesis of dysgeusia in COVID-19 patients: A scoping review. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2021;25(2):1114-1134. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202101_24683
Krishnakumar HN, Momtaz DA, Sherwani A, Mhapankar A, Gonuguntla RK, Maleki A, Abbas A, Ghali AN, Al Afif A. Pathogenesis and progression of anosmia and dysgeusia during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2023; 280(2):505-509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07689
Levinson R, Elbaz M, Ben-Ami R, Shasha D, Levinson T, Choshen G, Petrov K, Gadoth A, Paran Y. Time course of anosmia and dysgeusia in patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infectious Diseases. 2020;52(8):600-602. https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2020.1772992
Belopasov VV, Yashu Ya, Samoilova EM, Baklaushev VP. Damage to the nervous system in COVID-19. Klinicheskaya praktika. 2020;11(2):60-80. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/clinpract34851
Borodina IA, Selezneva IA, Borisova OV, Baldina OA, Gilmiyarova FN, et al. Blood groups and secretory state in COVID-19. Nauka molodykh. 2021;9(4):589-596. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.23888/HMJ202194589-596
Astashchenko SV, Megrelishvili SM, Shcherbakova YaL. Unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss in COVID-19. Clinical observations and literature review. Rossijskaya otorinolaringologiya. 2021;20(5):75-81. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2021-5-75-81
Tufatulin GSh, Boboshko MYu, Artyushkin SA. Asymmetric sensorineural hearing impairment in the adult population. Vestnik otorinolaringologii. 2018;83(3):20-24. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino201883320
Jafari Z, Kolb BE, Mohajerani MH. Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2022;49(2):184-195. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2021.63
Chern A, Famuyide AO, Moonis G, Lalwani AK. Bilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Intralabyrinthine Hemorrhage in a Patient with COVID-19. Otology and Neurotology. 2021;42(1):e10-e14. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002860
Edwards M, Muzaffar J, Naik P, Coulson C. Catastrophic bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss following COVID-19. BMJ Case Reports. 2021;14(6):e243157. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-243157
Gerstacker K, Speck I, Riemann S, Aschendorff A, Knopf A, Arndt S. Deafness after COVID-19? HNO. 2021;69(suppl 2):92-95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-021-01041-0
Narozny W, Tretiakow D, Skorek A. Tinnitus in COVID-19 Pandemic. Ear Nose and Throat Journal. 2021;100(Suppl 3): 197S-198S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561320988364
Kalcioglu MT, Cag Y, Kilic O, Tuysuz O. Can COVID-19 cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss? International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020;101:205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1468
Dusan M, Milan S, Nikola D. COVID-19 caused hearing loss. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2022;279(5):2363-2372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-021-06951-x
Viola P, Ralli M, Pisani D, Malanga D, Sculco D, Messina L, Laria C, Aragona T, Leopardi G, Ursini F, Scarpa A, Topazio D, Cama A, Vespertini V, Quintieri F, Cosco L, Cunsolo EM, Chiarella G. Tinnitus and equilibrium disorders in COVID-19 patients: preliminary results. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2021;278(10):3725-3730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06440-7
Fancello V, Hatzopoulos S, Corazzi V, Bianchini C, Skarżyńska MB, Pelucchi S, Skarżyński PH, Ciorba A. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and audio-vestibular disorders. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2021;35:20587384211027373. https://doi.org/10.1177/20587384211027373
Formeister EJ, Wu MJ, Chari DA, Meek R 3rd, Rauch SD, Remenschneider AK, Quesnel AM, de Venecia R, Lee DJ, Chien W, Stewart CM, Galaiya D, Kozin ED, Sun DQ. Assessment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss after COVID-19 Vaccination. JAMA Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. 2022;148(4):307-315. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2021.4414

Close metadata