Физическая нагрузка в профилактике заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы: две стороны одной медали

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По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, атеросклеротическое поражение коронарных артерий является основной причиной заболеваемости и смертности от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В многочисленных исследованиях продемонстрировано влияние регулярных физических нагрузок на снижение смертности от всех причин и сердечно-сосудистой смертности. Снижение риска было наибольшим для энергичных упражнений. Однако повседневная активность умеренной интенсивности в меньшей степени также способствовала снижению смертности. Наряду с этим новые научные данные свидетельствуют о том, что хронические, чрезмерные, высокоинтенсивные упражнения могут вызывать окислительный стресс и миокардиальный фиброз, ускорять развитие атеросклероза, увеличивать толщину сосудистой стенки и повышать жесткость камеры сердца. Это дает основание полагать, что спортсмены не защищены от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Обращает на себя внимание то, что такой важный элемент в развитии атеросклеротического процесса, как коронарный кальций, проявляется с разной степенью выраженности в зависимости от выполняемых физических нагрузок.

Ключевые слова:

физическая нагрузка

сердечно-сосудистые заболевания

коронарный кальций

спортсмены

Авторы:

Саргсян В.Д.

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины» Минздрава России

SPIN РИНЦ: 2786-3452
ORCID: 0000-0003-3793-7369

Дата поступления:

16.06.2023

Дата принятия в печать:

27.06.2023

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