Возбуждение, ажитация и делирий у детей в период пробуждения от анестезии севофлураном

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Применение севофлурана связано с возникновением у детей психических и поведенческих нарушений в период пробуждения от анестезии, описываемых двумя терминами: ажитация пробуждения (emergence agitatiton) и делирий пробуждения (emergence delirium). Эти нарушения давно и широко известны, но до настоящего времени механизм их возникновения окончательно не ясен, терминология и определения размыты и неточны. В статье обоснована необходимость разделения ажитации пробуждения и делирия пробуждения, а также предлагается выделение двух подтипов когнитивных и поведенческих нарушений в периоде пробуждения от анестезии (гипоактивных и гиперактивных). Представлен обзор истории изучения этих состояний и определена роль севофлурана в их возникновении у детей. Отмечена малая изученность психиатрами, нейропсихологами и медицинскими психологами исследуемых феноменов и показана необходимость их дальнейших исследований.

Ключевые слова:

делирий

ажитация

возбуждение

послеоперационный период

периоперационный период

педиатрия

пробуждение от анестезии

Авторы:

Колодяжная В.И.

ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России

ORCID: 0000-0002-2451-1214

Александрович Ю.С.

ФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней Федерального медико-биологического агентства»

ORCID: 0000-0002-2131-4813

Гречаный С.В.

ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России

ORCID: 0000-0001-5967-4315

Дата поступления:

20.01.2023

Дата принятия в печать:

09.05.2023

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